【作者】 陈浩；

【导师】 袁健；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 工程力学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人们生活水平的提高，乘车舒适性也越来越得到大家的重视。传动轴作为汽车主要传动部件之一，作用是传递扭矩、运动，同时也是影响汽车舒适性的一个重要元器件。然而就国内对整车振动的研究还局限于刚体系统或者仅仅局限于研究传动系统的动力学特性，很少有考虑传动轴的转动以及橡胶支撑圈动刚度这些柔性体对整车振动的影响。因此本文着重研究传动轴和橡胶支撑圈对整车振动性能的影响。首先本文确定了利用多体系统传递矩阵的方法求解，推导出一些典型元器件的传递矩阵的表达式，为后续工作打下基础。其次，本文在欧拉梁的基础上，计入转动惯量、陀螺效应的影响分别推导了不考虑剪切变形的Rayleigh梁和考虑剪切变形的Timoshenko梁动力学微分方程，并根据弯矩和剪力的相关公式推导了相应的传递矩阵，通过分析两种梁模型的动力学特性，表明对细长轴可以用Rayleigh梁-轴模型计算，满足精度要求的同时简化计算，探讨了弹簧刚度对传动轴临界转速的影响。然后，根据橡胶支撑圈的结构，通过理论计算得到橡胶的静刚度，并和实验测出的静、动刚度对比，吻合的很好；利用曲线拟合，得到动刚度的表达式；分析影响橡胶阻尼特性的因素并查阅资料手册确定橡胶的阻尼比，通过比较两种橡胶模型确定所要采用的力学模型，根据力学模型推导出橡胶支撑圈的传递矩阵。最后，利用多体系统传递矩阵求解出整车系统的动力学特性，并且分析了橡胶支撑圈刚度阻尼作为反馈对整个系统的影响，为后期对橡胶支撑圈参数优化使其达到降低整车振动的目的提供理论指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the improvement of people’s living standards，the comfort is also increasingly attractingeveryone’s attention. As one of the main drive system, the drive shaft play a very important role intransmitting the torque and motion, which also is a key component affecting the comfort. However,the research on vehicle vibration system is also limited on the rigid body, or just limited on thedynamics of the drive system. Few consider the impact of the flexible body, such as the rotation shaftand rubber’s dynamic stiffness on the vehicle body vibration. Therefore, this article focuses on theimpact of the drive shaft and rubber on the vehicle vibration capability.Firstly, select transfer matrix method of multi-body system to solve this problem. Based on it,this article deduced the transfer matrix expression of some typical components to lay a foundation forthe later work.Secondly, based on the Euler beam and taking the inertia of axis, shear deformation andgyroscopic moment into accord, the free vibration differential equations of Rayleigh beam withoutshear deformation and Timoshenko beam with shear deformation were built for the model. The driveshaft’s transfer matrix was set up according to the bending and shears formula. Through analysis andcomparison, Rayleigh beam-shaft model can be used to calculate for the elongate shaft, whichmeeting the accuracy requirements. Then discuss the influence of spring stiffness on the critical speedof the drive shaft.Thirdly, according to the structure of the rubber bearing collar, rubber’s static stiffness wasobtained by theoretical calculations, which contrasted with the static and dynamic stiffness byexperiment. Use curve fitting to obtain the expression of dynamic stiffness. Analyze the factors thataffecting the rubber’s damping characteristic sand access to information manual to determine thedamping ratio of rubber. Determine the mechanical model by comparing the two rubber model. Basedon mechanical model the transfer matrix of rubber support collar was derived.Finally, use the transfer matrix method of multi-body system to get critical speed of the wholesystem.Compare and analyze the effects of damping and stiffness of rubber support collar on theentire system to lay a foundation for parameter optimization of Rubber support ring to reduce thevehicle vibration.更多还原