【作者】 李杨；

【导师】 方俊华； 苏晴；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 环境工程（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人类社会的进步，城市经济迅猛发展，于此同时城市也伴随着人口更加集中、工业能源消耗越来越大、城市下垫面由绿地逐渐被水泥、柏油、混凝土所替代等状况。在感慨城市发展迅速之余，我们也不得不面对新的环境问题——城市热岛效应。随着全球持续变暖、大气污染、酸雨等等世界环境问题，城市热岛效应对人类的健康生活危害也越来越严重。本研究通过对热岛问题进行分析和研究，找到适合于城市热岛效应的评价方法，为有效地分析城市热岛的成因、特征、发展趋势，判别城市热岛强度提供依据，从而找到减缓城市热环境恶化的途径，以实现人与自然的和谐发展，具有一定的现实意义。本文首先通过文献综述阐明了城市热岛效应的形成的四大因素：①城市下垫面热性质的改变；②人为热、大气污染和温室气体；③城市规模、人口的增加；④天气形势与气象条件等因素。同时还从天气、能源、生物、居民健康等方面来讲解了热岛效应的危害，并在针对以上影响因素的基础上，提出了有效减缓热岛强度的策略。其次以以往的研究为基础，结合实际调研情况，提出城市热岛效应评价方法的目标及原则；通过层次分析法建立了4个准则层和8个指标层的评价指标体系；在综合专家打分后确定指标权重值并构建了基于模糊综合评价法的城市热岛效应评价方法。最后将该评价方法分别对上海、重庆、武汉、昆明的城市热岛效应进行评价，结果显示4座城市中：上海06~12年城市热岛效应有逐步上升的趋势；而内陆三个城市中重庆市热岛效应综合评价等级为V级(偏向于IV级)，热岛效应极强，也是三个城市中热岛最强的，这与重庆市人口密度过大密切相关；武汉市其次，评价结果为V级，热岛效应表现强；昆明市热岛效应最弱，评价等级为II级，热岛效应表现十分地弱。然后在基于评价结果的基础上，对各城市缓解热岛效应提出相应的对策。可见，本评价方法具有较好的科学性和实践性。本文通过建立城市热岛效应评价方法，研究采用层次分析法和专家打分法确定评价指标的权值以及采用模糊综合评价法评价城市的热岛效应，对缓解和治理热岛有指导作用和重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the progress of human society and the city ’s rapid economic development，the cityis also accompanied with these problems that the population is more concentrated，industrial energy consumption is growing，urban surface gradually being replaced by agreen cement，asphalt，concrete and other conditions by the same time. Rapid urbandevelopment in the emotion aside，we also have to face new environmental problems-urban heat island effect. With continued global warming，air pollution，acid rain，and sothe world environmental problems，urban heat island effect on human health more andmore serious.This study of the heat island problem analysis and research，to find theevaluation method suitable for the urban heat island effect，in order to effectivelyanalyze the causes of urban heat island characteristics，trends，identification of urbanheat island intensity to provide the basis to find the mitigation of urban heatenvironment deteriorating ways to achieve harmonious development between man andnature，has a certain practical significance.Firstly，through a literature review to clarify the formation of urban heat island effectfour factors：①the change of urban surface thermal properties；②anthropogenic heat，air pollution and greenhouse gases；③city size，population increase；④weathersituation and weather condition and other factors. Also from the weather，energy，biotechnology，health and other aspects of the residents to explain the dangers of theheat island effect，and on the basis for the above factors，we propose an effectivestrategy to mitigate the heat island intensity.Second to previous studies based on actual research，the proposed objectives andprinciples of the urban heat island evaluation methods；through AHP established fourcriteria evaluation system layers and layers of eight indicators；determined after acomprehensive expert scoring index weights and build the urban heat island effectevaluation method based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.Finally，the evaluation method，respectively Shanghai，Chongqing，Wuhan，Kunming’s urban heat island effect was evaluated，the results show four cities：from06to12years，Shanghai’s urban heat island has gradually rising trend；while three cities in theinland，urban heat island effect comprehensive evaluation rating of Chongqing is classV (bias in grade IV) and strongest，which is closely related to the large populationdensity of Chongqing；Secondly，the evaluation results of Wuhan is V level，the strong performance of the heat island effect；Kunming has weakest heat island effect in thethree cities and the evaluation class is II，the heat island effect in performance is veryweak. According to survey results，the evaluation results with the actual match. Then，based on the evaluation results the study put forward corresponding countermeasures tomitigate each city’s heat island effect.Visible，this evaluation method has betterscientific and practical.Through the establishment of urban heat island effect evaluation methods，researchusing analytic hierarchy process and expert scoring method to determine the weights ofevaluation and the use of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method heat island city’s heatisland mitigation and governance guiding role and significance.更多还原