【作者】 陈锋；

【导师】 仲元昌；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 电子与通信工程（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 随着长江三峡水利枢纽工程的顺利推进和周边城镇化建设的加快，三峡库区的生态环境现状及其变化一直广受国内外关注。现有的监测设备、方法和手段已不能满足任务要求，迫切需要提高三峡库区环境监测的能力。由于无线传感器网络具有低成本、自组织、通信灵活、可远程实时监控等特点，无线传感器网络在环境监测中的应用成为研究的热点，本文以三峡库区水环境监测为应用背景，针对无线传感器网络节点能量有限的特点，重点研究覆盖优化策略和节点能量的均衡性来延长网络的生命周期，在分析现有研究成果的基础上，提出了适合于三峡库区水环境监测的大规模无线传感器网络覆盖优化策略。根据三峡库区水环境监测具有监测面积大和分布广的特点，研究三峡库区大规模无线传感器水环境监测网络的覆盖特性，并考虑网络的实现成本，充分利用国内外已取得的研究成果，将人工鱼群算法应用到无线传感器网络覆盖优化中，以人工鱼群算法为基础，针对人工鱼群算法存在后期收敛慢、求解精度不高和易陷入局部值的缺陷，提出了带反馈策略的混沌人工鱼群算法。该算法将具有遍历性的混沌搜索引入到基本人工鱼群算法，在人工鱼搜索结果的基础上进行混沌局部搜索，避免了算法陷入局部值；同时反馈策略的加入避免了算法后期迂回搜索，提高了收敛速度和求解精度。在完成上述算法研究的基础上，传统的覆盖优化策略未考虑传感器节点能耗均衡且最小化的冗余节点覆盖并不能代表网络能耗的最小化，提出基于能量管理的无线传感器网络覆盖优化策略，以覆盖率最大化和网络能耗最小化搭建数学模型。仿真结果表明该策略能够在保证覆盖率的前提下能延长网络的生命周期，节省了网络能量。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the smooth progress of the Yangtze River Three Gorges Project and theacceleration of around urbanization construction, the present situation and changes ofecological environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir area has been widespreadattention at home and abroad. Existing monitoring equipments, methods and meanshave been unable to meet the mission requirement. It needs to urgently improve theability of environmental monitoring in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.As wireless sensor network has the features of low cost, self organization, flexiblecommunication, remote real-time monitoring and so on, it has become a hot issue inenvironmental monitoring. As the application background of the Three GorgesReservoir Area water environment monitoring, on the basis of in depth study theexisting research results, coverage optimization strategy for large-scale wireless sensornetwork for water environmental monitoring in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area hasbeen proposed. Owing to the limitation of node energy in wireless sensor network, wefocused on the coverage optimization strategy and balance of node energy to prolongthe network lifetime.According to the characteristics of large monitoring area and wide distribution inwater environmental monitoring of the Three Gorges reservoir, the coverage feature oflarge-scale wireless sensor networks in water environment monitoring of the ThreeGorges reservoir was researched. Considering the cost of the network, the artificial fishswarm algorithm was applied in the wireless sensor network coverage optimization,which made full use of domestic and foreign research results having been obtained.Because the basic artificial fish swarm algorithm has the defects that convergence isslow in the latter part, solution accuracy is not high and it’s easy to fall into local value,a new algorithm called chaotic artificial fish swarm algorithm with feedback strategyhas been proposed on the basis of artificial fish swarm algorithm. In the new algorithm,the chaos search with ergodicity was introduced into the basic artificial fish swarmalgorithm, and chaos local search based on the search results of artificial fish wasfinished to avoid falling into local value. Meanwhile, feedback strategy was adopted toavoid circuit search in the latter part of the algorithm, which improved the convergencespeed and solution precision.On the basis of the above algorithm, because balance of nodes energy is not considered in traditional coverage optimization strategy, and minimized redundant nodecoverage cannot represent minimized energy consumption of network, we proposed thestrategy of wireless sensor network coverage optimization based on energy management.And the mathematical model was built based on maximized coverage and minimizedenergy consumption of network. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposedstrategy can prolong the network lifetime and save network energy under the premise ofensuring coverage.更多还原