【作者】 杨静；

【导师】 向文英；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 市政工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 由于工业化迅速发展以及人口持续增加，造成水环境污染日益加剧，水环境问题已严重影响我国的经济与社会的可持续发展。为保障水资源合理的开发利用，必须对水环境进行科学地规划管理，而水质评价是水环境监督与管理的重要手段。传统的模糊评价法能够对水质进行综合评价，但仍存在一定的缺陷。本文采用基于层次分析法和熵权法的组合赋权法进行权重赋值，并通过相乘相加算子和加权平均原则对数据结果进行综合评价，从而提出了改进的模糊综合评价法，并将其应用于重庆某水库水质的综合评价中，不仅对评价方法进行改进完善，同时也为环保部门的治理工作提供依据。得到以下的结论：1)通过对权重赋值的分析，提出组合赋权法，即对层次分析法与熵权法进行有效结合，考虑了最大污染指标对水质的影响，以及各污染指标之间的相互作用，使权重赋值更符合水质的实际情况。2)采用相乘相加算子进行模糊运算，同时运用加权平均原则进行综合评价，避免传统方法中取大取小算子和最大隶属度造成数据信息丢失的弊端，能够对评价等级进行量化排序，评价结果更加合理。3)在重庆水库水质评价中，结果表明：2013年该水库综合水质等级依次为10月＞5月＞1月＞4月＞12月＞11月＞2月＞3月＞6月＞7月＞8月＞9月，全年综合水质在Ⅰ~Ⅲ级，水质最差的时段为9月份，其次为6、7、8月份。4)通过将改进的模糊综合评价法与人工神经网络模型进行对比，得到的评价结果具有很好的一致性，较之传统方法能更好地反映水库水质达标情况，评价结果更趋合理。同时结合MATLAB软件的运用，使改进的模糊综合评价法具有更好的实用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the rapidly developing industrialization and the continuously increasingpopulation, water pollution is becoming more and more serious. So water environmentproblem has seriously affected the sustainable development of economy and society inChina. To protect the rational development and utilization of water resources, waterenvironment must be scientific planning and management, and water quality evaluationis an important means of supervision and management of the water environment.The traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method had five influencingfactors, such as evaluation index, membership function, weight assignment, fuzzyoperation and comprehensive evaluation. Through research and analysis on these factors,we established an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method(FCEM). This methodcombined analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method in an effective way tocalculate weight assignment, and used the multiplication addition operator and theweighted average principle to evaluate the water quality. Because of the above features,the improved FCEM has been successfully applied to evaluating a reservoir waterquality in Chongqing. The research can not only improve the evaluation method itself,but also provide the basis for the environmental protection department management. Weobtained the following conclusions:1) Through the analysis of the weight assignment, then formated the combinationweighting method, effectively combining the analytic hierarchy process and entropyweight method. This combination weighting method considered the influence of themaximum pollution index on water quality, and the interactions between differentpollution indexes. The weight assignment was more in line with the actual situation ofwater quality.2) In traditional FCEM, the weight assignment only selecting single method whichis one-sided, and maximum membership degree principle which is easy to lose data maylead the evaluation results unreasonable. Then the improved FCEM could overcomethese disadvantages, in which the multiplication addition operator was applied toblurring operation, the weighted average principle was using to comprehensiveevaluation. Quantitative sequence on water quality grade made the result morereasonable.3) Through the application of the improved FCEM, it was concluded that in2013 the water quality of the reservoir, October＞May＞January＞April＞December＞November＞February＞March＞June＞July＞August＞September. Thecomprehensive water quality is Ⅰ~Ⅲ, and the worst water quality time of the reservoirwas September, followed by June, July and August.4) Through the comparison of the improved FCEM and artificial neural networkmodel, the evaluation of the results obtained are in good agreement, compared withtraditional method could better reflect the reservoir water quality standards. And theresults of the evaluation were more reasonable. The application of MATLAB softwaremade the improved FCEM more practical.更多还原