【作者】 李军；

【导师】 杜林；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 电气工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 在电力系统中，由雷电引起的架空输电线路故障比例很大。在输电线路防雷研究方面，研究工作主要是实验室模拟与软件仿真分析，但是输电线路模型并不十分完善，计算分析结果与实际情况明显不符，而输电线路各研究方向又缺乏真实的雷电参数，研究工作迫切需要对输电线路真实的雷电参数进行监测，以获取雷击输电线路的原始信息。通过输电线路雷电的监测，统计雷击输电线路的雷电分布规律，分析事故、改进绝缘配合等具有重要的意义，结合实际输电线路的结构，也有利于开展电晕、冲击、衰减等理论研究。本文提出了一套新型的基于双参量测量的雷电监测方法，不同于现有输电线路雷电监测系统只对雷电流进行监测，参数单一，新方法分别对输电线路雷击入地电流和输电线路雷击过电压双参量进行监测，多参量监测能够提供更多细节，对雷击过电压分类识别提供数据支撑。新型监测系统采用分布式结构，兼顾独立运行与组网监测，监测设备全部模块化，方便监测系统维护与扩展。在雷电时间分布与日照规律统计分析基础上，提出了监测系统工作模式，通过实验分析，得出监测系统各设备运行状态，总体功耗，适用时间，以及切换条件。比较国内外各种取能方式，阐明了监测系统采用太阳能供电的理由，结合工作模式与取能方式实现全年稳定运行，通过实验证明监测系统能够准确获取雷电电压、电流参数。本文提出了一种新型的用于还原多通道原始雷电流波形的电流传感器，基于罗氏线圈的基本原理，结合不同电压等级的杆塔结构，通过在杆塔塔脚配置四并联罗氏线圈来还原真实的雷电流波形，在此基础上构建电流传感器计算模型，通过Saber软件仿真电路模型，验证了计算模型的准确性和可行性，结合安装位置，分析了载流体形状、安装偏移对传感器精度影响，通过冲击电流实验验证了电流传感器的测量性能与精度。电压传感器采用重庆大学研制的非接触式输电线路过电压传感器，针对工程应用，对该传感器结构，高压臂电容计算公式做了相应改进，结合电压传感器频谱宽的特点，提出利用工频电压对传感器进行动态标定，将影响因素直接计入分压比的方法。雷电监测装置安装在高压输电线路附近，周围环境复杂多变，容易影响装置的正常运行。本文对雷击输电线路暂态过程进行了分析，通过在仿真计算，选择合适的屏蔽材料与传输电缆，根据暂态分析结果提出测量系统接地方式，设计了安全可靠的安装结构，实验结果表明，监测系统具有良好的抗干扰能力和可靠性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the power system, transmission line failures take a great proportion of the powergrid accidents. Especially, the transmission line failures are mainly lightning failures.Research on transmission line lightning protection mainly relies on experimentalsimulation and simulation analysis, but transmission line model are not perfect, thereis a big difference between the calculation results of the analysis and the actual situation,and the lightning parameters is insufficient as a basis for different research direction oftransmission line, so accurate measurement of lightning transmission line parameters isneeded to obtain the original information of the lightning parameters. By monitoring oftransmission line lightning, be helpful to find out the transmission line lightningdistribution, analysis of accident, improve insulation coordination, combining with theactual structure of the transmission line, it can also help to carry out the theoreticalresearch of transmission line, such as Corona, impact and attenuation etc.This paper presents the lightning measuring methods of transmission line atdomestic and foreign. Now,the lightning monitoring system of transmission line canmonitor the quality of lightning current only, with very good lightning currentwaveform, but there is only one parameter, the actual effect is limited by a lot.Therefore,this paper put forward a new monitoring system, it can monitoring the earthcurrent of lightning transmission line and the overvoltage of lightning transmission lineat the same time. Two lightning parameters can underline each other, which can ensurethe accuracy of the data, but also to the many academic research results for validation.Monitoring system using distributed architecture, modular design, the acquisitionprocessing unit as the core, the transmission process is clear and simple, equipmentinstallation and maintenance is convenient, be easy to extend. On the basis of analyzingthe environment of useing, the good shielding protection has be design to monitoringsystem.Monitoring system has two sensors to monitoring the lightning current andovervoltage. The current sensor using Rogowski coil, in order to reduce the acquisitionchannel, reduce the power consumption of the system, and puts forward a method thatseveral Rogowski coil used in parallel to recover the multi-channel original lightningcurrent waveform. The voltage sensor is non-contact transmission lines over voltagesensor developed by chongqing university, the sensor can realize frequency and impulse voltage measurement, so it can real-time calibration using the power frequency voltage,and solves the problem that voltage ratio of the sensor is difficult to determine. Toanalyze the effects that installation process, location and environment factors such astemperature, humidity and pollution for the sensor, monitoring system based on theactual conditions of use, the parameters of the sensor were changed accordingly on thesensor laboratory research results, make it can satisfy the actual.This paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of power supply,combined with the occurred conditions of thunder and lightning and sunlight rule, thepaper illustrates the reasons using solar power for monitoring system. Solar powertechnology mature, easy to implement, according to the monitoring system for thepower consumption of the overall design and the classical calculation formula of solarenergy, determined the solar panel power parameters and battery capacity.Betweenpanels and the manager is protect module, prevent lightning intruded into the system bypower lines.更多还原