【作者】 赵娜；

【导师】 吕红平；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 人口学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 在社会主义市场经济快速发展的带动下，高校毕业生的就业模式也发生了很大变化，由“统包统分”转变为“双向选择”。随着高校的持续扩招，大学生数量越来越多，造成就业竞争日益激烈，就业压力越来越大，社会各界纷纷关注大学生就业问题。大学生就业困难既有外界的原因，也有自身的因素，其中不正确的择业意向严重影响着他们的顺利就业。本文力求从微观和宏观两个层面，对影响大学生择业意向的因素做出分析。本文基于笔者对保定市四所高校400名大学生调查问卷的系统分析，总结出了择业地区集中化、择业单位追求“铁饭碗”、薪金期望值偏高、直接择业与延缓择业并存、择业标准多样化等特点。通过对笔者筛选的人力资本变量、社会资本变量、其他变量与择业意向的相关分析，得出了以下结论：在人力资本各因素中，学校类型、学历、成绩排名、证书等是影响择业意向的最主要因素；在社会资本各变量中，父母亲职业、家庭人均年收入对择业意向有显著影响；在其他变量中，党员身份、担任职务对择业意向有较大影响。笔者还就劳动力市场的制度性分割、经济形势、就业政策等宏观因素分析了对大学生择业意向的影响。大学生择业意向存在的问题主要表现为：择业地点过于集中；期望单位过于单一，缺少挑战和创业精神；以自我为中心，忽略国家和社会需求；考研目的不明确；缺少职业规划意识，择业主动性差。究其原因：一是大城市、沿海发达地区能提供更多的就业机会和更大的发展空间；二是传统的“以官为本”思想的影响；三是暂时躲避就业压力；四是高校就业指导工作不到位；五是缺乏创业条件。根据大学生择业意向的特点和问题，提出了以下对策建议。大学生方面，要形成科学的就业观，力求先就业再择业，努力自主创业，消除精英意识。家长方面，要让子女发挥主观能动性，减少干预；努力提高自身素质，更好地指导子女就业；关注子女在学校的表现，形成合理的就业期望值。高校方面，丰富和优化学科结构，专业结构要适应社会需求；重视并且做好大学生就业指导工作；注重开展职业生涯教育；开展创业教育。政府方面，要加强政策和文化建设，提供指导和服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 Driven by the rapid development of the socialist market economy,college graduates’employment patterns have changed a lot,from"one-way allocation"to"two-way choice".Withthe continued colleges enrollment,the number of college students become more andmore,resulting in an increasingly competitive employment,increasing employment’pressure,the society concern employment of college students.Employment difficulties’ factorsinclude outside factors and its own factors, the incorrect career intentions seriously affect theiremployment.This article by both micro and macro levels to analyze the factors affectingstudents’ career intention.Based on the city of baoding four colleges’400students’questionnaire,summed up the feature,for example, the career regional centralization,careersunit pursuit of " iron rice bowl",high salary expectations,both the direct and stay careeremployment,career standard diversity and so on. Analyze the relationship between the humancapital variables, the social capital variables,other variables and career-related intentions,reach the following conclusions:school,education,achievement,certificates,parentaloccupation,household per capita income,party membership,position influence careerintentions.I also analyze the affect labor market segmentation,economic situation,employmentpolicies on career intentions of college students.College students’ career intentions have questions,for example:Careers placecentralized;expectations too high;lack challenge and start an undertakingspirit;self-centered;Pub Med lack of purpose;lack of awareness of career planning.Thereasons:First,cities and coastal areas can provide more employment opportunities and greaterdevelopment space;Second,be an official impaction. Third, temporarily escape the pressure onemployment;Fourth,universities’ employment guidance is not in place;Fifth,lack theconditions of start an undertaking.According characteristics and problems,propose the following suggestions.Aspects ofcollege students: form a scientific concept of employment,employment first and then seekcareers,start an undertaking,eliminate the consciousness of elite.For parents:let their children take the initiative,reduce interference;strive to improve themselves to guide children better;concerned about their children’s performance in school to form a reasonable expectation ofemployment.Aspects of universities:enrich and optimize the structure of disciplines,professional structures to adapt to the needs of society;emphasis on career guidance;emphasison vocational career education;carry out entrepreneurship education.For government:strengthen policies and culture, provide guidance and services.更多还原