【作者】 王娜；

【导师】 徐文武；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 ;纳兰性德为清初重要词人，他的词集深受人们喜爱，在不断地重印与翻刻过程中，形成了两个版本系统，并一直沿用至今。在创作实践中，他形成了自己独特的词学思想，模仿并有所创新，真性情的抒发中亦有比兴寄托，再次标榜了词体地位，创作实践与词学理论相互印证，相得益彰。纳兰性德边塞词内容丰富，在60首词中展现了多样的感受。兴亡感叹词描绘立身关外，触目所及的古戍、古战场、古长城，还有祖先曾经浴血奋战的战场，充满了吊古伤今，哀叹兴亡之感。怀乡与相思词作描写了扈从生活的艰苦、孤寂，抒发了对家乡亲人、爱人的无限思念。“每逢佳节倍思亲”，塞上节令词以词人细腻的情感和塞外的凄凉景象独具特色。塞上风物词描绘关外独特景物，及少数民族的风土人情，饱含了词人的深情。在一个个难眠的夜晚纳兰性德或披衣独坐、或卧听河流、或梦回难眠、或午夜惊起，这些构成了词人边塞生活的独特感受，笔墨所及无不感人至深。纳兰性德的边塞词不是孤立存在的，在边塞词发展的历史中他有所继承和发展。酷爱“花间词”的纳兰性德，在边塞词的创作过程中受到潜移默化的影响，他传承了“花间边塞词”的婉约词风，但是摆脱了其香艳的写法，树立了主体意识。两宋边塞词中，同柳永一样，纳兰性德的相思词真挚动人，并传承了他清新晓畅的词风和明白如话的语言，同时摒弃了艳俗的成分；纳兰词虽没有辛派词人那种家国破裂的悲壮之感，但是其中的兴亡感叹、与壮志难酬之感与苏辛词有异曲同工之妙，词风雄浑豪荡的一面也对苏辛词有所传承。清初期纳兰性德在与词坛“俊异”们交往唱和的过程中相互影响，以“愁情”入词成为他们共同的特点。清中期为数不多的边塞词中继承了纳兰词“壮”的特点，表现出壮怀激烈的宏大志向。而到了晚清时期，由于列强的入侵、国家的衰落，边塞词发生了新变，抒写了一首首时代的悲歌与哀曲。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nalan Xingde, whose ci is so prevalent that it has been republished in various versions,is a significant ci poet of Qing dynasty. Two major versions are formed during thedevelopment and are still in circulation. Nalan Xingde created his unique ci ideology in whichhe not only developed the theory of the predecessors, but initially applied the bailing theory inthe expression of natural feelings as well. His ci theory was reflected in composition and theapplication also refined the theory. He devoted himself to raising the significance of ci inliterature at that time.Nalan Xingde’s frontier ci is inclusive. Various of feelings of the poet are reflected in the60frontier ci. Sitting alone or lying awake in bed in the sleepless nights of his bitter andlonely retinue life, the poet created dozens of ci reflecting his distinctive and subtle feelingsabout frontier life.The exclamation of the rise and fall of the nation was noted down when thepoet outside of the pass, saw the ancient castles, ancient great walls and the battle field of hisancestors. His homesickness, his longing for his wife was expressed in the festival lyricswhich also pictured the desolate sights in frontier. The unique natural scenary, the localcustom of the minority groups in the frontier are recorded in his frontier ci as well.Nalan Xingde’s unique style of frontier ci might be traced back to his favor of Huajian ciwhich winds into his writing of frontier ci.Inheriting the graceful and restrained style of theHuajian frontier ci and saving the gaudiness and discernible beauty of it, Nalan Xingdeestablished his own style for frontier ci.Among the frontier ci in Song dynasties, the stylistic features of Nalan Xingde’s ci aresimilar to Liu Yong who is famous for his touching ci on lovesickness. He developed LiuYong’s natural and fresh style and explicit language but rejected the gaudy words. Differentfrom the ci created by poets of Xin school whose stylistic features are solemn and stirring,instead of mourning the declining of a nation, his ci exclaims the rises and falls of a nationand his difficult-to-fulfill ambition and has a mighty and untrammeled feature.In the early period of Qing dynasty, the ci formed a common feature of connoting a gloomy mood during the interaction of ci among the peers in poetry writing. The responsoryworks between Nalan Xingde and Gu Zhenguan created during the relief process of WuZhaoqian are a reflection of real feeling and became a well-known touching story. However, alimited number of frontier ci in the middle period of Qing inherited Nalan Xingde’s mightyand untrammeled style to show great ambitions. With the declining of the Qing dynasty andthe invasion of the great powers, frontier ci became threnodies for that age.更多还原