【作者】 张华；

【导师】 许春华；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 维柯，意大利著名的历史学家，哲学家，社会学家，法学家。西方近代社会科学的奠基人。《新科学》是他的代表作，该书内容丰富，涉及历史学，哲学，文学，伦理学，语言学多个学科，享有“百科全书”的美誉。在《新科学》中，为了能够正确认识人类历史的起源和发展，维柯提出了还原历史的方法，借助语言，寓言和神话故事，古代文物来追溯历史的起源，再现早期人类的生活风貌。从而使题材、学说和语言相统一。与此同时，维柯还十分推崇培根的经验论，强调感性经验在认识中的重要作用。从而使经验和理论相统一。维柯在方法论上的创新为人文科学的发展铺平了道路。维柯是西方思想史上首位提出“人类自己创造人类世界”观点的思想家。这一观点给基督教的“上帝创世说”以沉重的打击，肯定了人在历史中的地位和作用，奠定了近代以来西方人本主义的基石。同时，维柯还强调人类历史的发展不是杂乱无章的，而是有规律可循的，它是一个由低级向高级不断发展演变的过程。在历史发展演变的过程中，阶级斗争起着重要的推动作用。维柯的“人创世界”、“阶级斗争”、“历史发展规律性”这一系列观点对马克思唯物史观的形成产生了深远的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vico,was a famous Italian historian, philosopher,sociologist,jurist, and the founder ofmodern Western social science. The new science is his masterpiece and the content of thisbook is very rich,covering the history, philosophy, literature, ethics, linguistics, and enjoyingthe reputation of the "encyclopedia".In the "new science", in order to understand the origin and development of humanhistory correctly, Vico proposed to restore history with language, fables and myths, ancientartifacts to trace the historical origins and reproduce early human life style.Finally,make theunity of theme, doctrine, and language.Meanwhile, Vico showed the high respect to Bacon’sempiricism, emphasized the important role of emotional experience in understanding. Thenunify the experience and theory. His innovation about methodology paved the way for thedevelopment of the humanities.Vico is the first thinker proposed the view “man himself create the human world” inthe history of Western thought. This view gave a heavy blow to the Christian "Creation ofGod,", affirmed the status and role of people in history, laid the cornerstone of Westernhumanism in modern times. At the same time, Vico also emphasized that the development ofhuman history is not chaotic,but follow a law.It is an continuous evolution and developmentprocess from junior to senior. In the process of historical development and evolution, classstruggle plays an important role. A series of views of Vico,such as "Creation of Human" and"class struggle" and "historical development regularity" have a profound influence to theformation of Marxist materialism.更多还原