【作者】 王佳；

【导师】 谢松；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 水生生物， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 三硝基甲苯又名TNT,是一种黄色炸药,广泛应用在工业、农业、交通、通信、国防等行业,使用过程中产生大量的高浓度TNT废水、粉尘,对人畜造成巨大的潜在危害。本文主要针对TNT对斑马鱼的急性和慢性毒性作用进行研究,目的是了解TNT对斑马鱼的致毒情况。急性毒理实验主要采用半静态法在室内测定了三硝基甲苯（TNT）对斑马鱼的单一急性毒性,结果显示三硝基甲苯24h-LC₅₀=3711.33ug/L。另外还观察了三硝基甲苯对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响,随着三硝基甲苯浓度的升高,斑马鱼胚胎的孵化率逐渐降低,畸形率逐渐增加。当三硝基甲苯浓度在927.76ug/L以下时,胚胎的孵化率稳步下降而畸形率变化稳步上升,而当浓度大于927.76ug/L时,胚胎致死率激增,孵化率随之下降,畸形率明显增加,当浓度达到3711.04ug/L时胚胎出现全致死效应。实验证明了三硝基甲苯对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响较成鱼更为显著。慢性毒理实验主要是研究斑马鱼在五个浓度（0、0.5、1、2、4mg/L）的TNT溶液中随时间变化各个组织中酶活性的变化。实验分为两个时间段,染毒时间段测定24h、48h、72h、96h的各组组织酶活;随后再测定置于清水恢复中48h和96h各组组织中酶活性的变化。具体测定的酶有:脑组织测定乙酰胆碱酯酶、乳酸脱氢酶;鳃组织测定钠钾ATP酶;肝脏组织测定过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、钠钾ATP酶。结果表明:0.5mg/L的TNT对斑马鱼各个组织的不同酶活性的影响基本都出现明显的差异性,但经过96h的染毒后在清水中恢复96h都可以回到染毒24h时的酶活性,4mg/L组部分酶活性经过96h的污染后,可以缓慢的恢复但基本都需要更长的恢复时间才能恢复到染毒前的水平,特别钠,钾ATP酶活性需要更长的恢复时间。更多还原

【Abstract】 Trinitrotoluene,alsoknown as TNT, is a yellow dynamite which is widely used in industry,agriculture,transportation, telecommunication,national defense and so on. A large amount ofwaste water and dust contain high concentrations of TNT can be produced in the process ofusing TNT, and cause great potential harm to humans and animals.In this paper,the acute andchronic toxic effect of TNT on the zebra fish （Danio rerio） is studied with the purpose ofunderstanding TNT’s toxicity on the zebra fish.The acute toxicological experiment was carried on mainly with half static methodindoors to determine the TNT’s single acute toxicity on the zebra fish, and the result show thatthe TNT’s 24h-LC₅₀ is 3711.33 ug/L.Moreover,additional observing the TNT’s effect onembryonic development of the zebra fish shows that along with the elevation of TNT’s density,the zebra fish embryo’s hatchability reduces and abnormal rate increases gradually. WhenTNT’s concentration is lower than 927.76 ug/L, embryo’s hatchability reduces and abnormalrate increases steadily. When the concentration is higher than 927.76 ug/L, embryo’s lethalityrate proliferate, hatchability fall subsequently and abnormal rate increase significantly. Whenthe concentration reaches 3711.04 ug/L, the embryo presents the entire lethal effect. Theexperiment had proven that the TNT has more significant influence on the zebra fishembryonic development than the adult fish.In the chronic toxicological experiment the zebra fish was raised in five solutions withdifferent concentrations （0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg/L） of TNT. Changes of the enzyme activity withtime were studied in each organization. The experiment contains two time sections. In thetoxic time section the fishes were raised in TNT solutions for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, then thefishes were put in clean water for 48h or 96 h. At each time point the enzyme activity of eachorganization was determined. The enzymes determined in this experiment includeacetylcholin esterase and lactic dehydrogenase in brain, sodium potassium ATP enzyme ingill, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and sodium potassium ATP enzyme in liver. The resultindicated that the enzyme activity change obviously after the fish was raised in lowconcentration of TNT for 96h and can recover after raised in clean water for 96h. But if thefish was raised in high concentration of TNT for 96h, most enzyme activities can restore aftera longer time. However the ATP enzyme need more time than the others.更多还原