【作者】 王建芳；

【导师】 钱永华；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 养殖， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是世界蚕丝业的发源地，已有5000多年的历史。蚕丝业是我国的传统优势产业，茧丝产量占世界总产量的70％，丝织品产量占世界总产量的45％以上，生丝、丝绸出口量分别占国际市场贸易量的80％和60％左右，居世界第一位。随着西部大开发的进程，我国的蚕业发展正由南向北，由东向西发展，西北地区的蚕桑丝绸业也面临着空前的发展机遇和挑战。由于长期以来蚕病一直是影响蚕业生产的主要因素，曾经给蚕业生产造成了巨大的损失。利用化学药剂消毒是蚕病防治工作的一个重要手段，是蚕业生产稳产高产的重要保障。本研究针对目前蚕病发生及蚕业生产的特点，采用高氯制剂材料经过多次复配试验、稳定性安全性测试及实用性综合分析等研制出了西北地区第一个蚕用熏烟消毒剂“蚕熏安”。该消毒剂为棒状固体制剂，点燃发烟，无明火，有效成分完全随烟雾均匀释放到空气中，以烟雾形式进行空间和设施消毒，消毒过程无需再加热，对环境温湿度无特殊要求。这种新剂型的蚕用熏烟消毒剂使用方便，可降低劳动强度，很受蚕农的欢迎。分别通过微生物实验法、蚕体供毒试验法及蚕体表接种试验法等不同方法对家蚕各类病原微生物进行消毒灭活试验，结果表明：一定剂量的蚕熏安点燃后密闭一定时间可使家蚕生产中常见的各种病原真菌、细菌、病毒多角体及微粒子孢子等病原微生物完全失活；经过叶面消毒、蚕期熏烟等毒性、刺激性试验，结果显示：“蚕熏安”可在蚕期使用，对蚕儿的正常生长和生理机能无不良影响，是一种适合于蚕业生产的新型广谱高效低毒的熏烟消毒剂，可用于养蚕生产的各个环节进行环境、蚕体蚕座及叶面消毒，能有效防止各类蚕病的传播和发生，其防僵和防微效果尤佳。由烟雾的有效成分、消毒效果及不同湿度和空间位置消毒效果比较等试验结果推断，并结合理论分析等方法对烟雾消毒的机理进行了探索性研究，初步明确了该熏烟消毒剂点燃发烟后，有效成分随同烟雾形成固态微粒的气溶胶，具有胶体化合物的性质，微粒直径较小，易均匀分散于整个密闭空间，与空间中的致病微生物体有效接触，氯制剂的强氧化性直接作用于病原体的活性部位，而不完全依赖于次氯酸的产生，从而快速高效杀灭病原体。在蚕熏安研制和试验过程中，采取“试验—改进—试用—推广”相结合的方法，在产品性能不断完善的同时，已经在陕南蚕桑主产区安康、汉中、镇安、石泉等区县得到了一定规模的推广应用，在当地产生了较好的经济效益，同时也获得了珍贵的反馈信息。经过多次小批量试生产和配方及工艺的不断改进，获得了以氯制剂制取该熏烟消毒剂的最佳配方及其生产工艺，为大批量生产提供了理论依据，也为以后大面积推广应用奠定了基础。杀菌试验结果表明该熏烟消毒剂对空气浮游菌及环境设施中多种真菌和细菌等有害微生物都具有高效灭活作用，因此，除应用于蚕业领域外，该熏烟消毒剂经过适当改造后还可在畜牧养殖、仓储、大棚种植及公共卫生等多领域应用，起到消毒杀菌、防腐防病作用。可降低劳动强度，提高劳动效率，可以取得较好的社会效益和经济效益，作为一种新型的消毒剂产品，蚕熏安具有广阔的推广应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is the cradle of silk industry of the world with the developed history of over 5,000years. Silk industry is one of traditionally predominant industries in our country. Silk cocoonaccounts for 70%, silk fabrics account for more than 45% of total output of world, exportquantum of raw silk and silk account for about 80% and 60% of international trade market.Both are all standing the first in the world. The industry in northwest of China is meeting manyunprecedented chances and challenges during the process of the great development of west;meanwhile, the industry is expanding from south to north and from east to west regions. Thesilkworm disease is one main factor in hinder developing of the industry that had made greatloss before. People found that it is an effective measure of preventing and controlling thesilkworm diseases through applying chemical disinfector, which make the silk output high andstable.Due to the characteristic of silkworm illness and the procedure of silk culture, the studypresent a new chemical disinfector named Canxun’an, the first smoking disinfector in westChina, after carefully compound with high concentration of chlorine and other practicabilitytest, and so on. This disinfector is one aerosol disinfector containing of chlorine, clavicorn solid.In use need not heated, no fire, it gives out smog that disinfects facilities and around air. Itneeds not specific temperature and humidity. Additionally, the new form of disinfector easier touse and lessen the burden of labor compared to other products, greatly welcomed by mostsericulture households.The disinfect effect test had been carded out by the ways of microbiological test andsilkworm infect and so on. The result showed that almost pathogen of silkworm lost its activitywhen it in a dose of Canxun’an smoking through a piece of time within airproof space. And theresearch of applying test showed that this product might has no any opposite effects on thegrowth of silkworm larva and their physiological enginery when it was applied for disinfectingsilkworm body covers, rearing beds, and mulberry leaves. It is a new type of smokingdisinfector suit silkworm culture, and it can effective preventing and controlling the silkwormdiseases especially white muscardine and pebrine.Through studying the basic research of the disinfection mechanism using microscopicexamination and available element test, it has learnt that the chloric disinfector first become smog, which is aerosol, fromed with small particles distributing into every inch of the vacuums,then easily contact with pathogen. Its powerful oxidizing agent act on the pathogen active placeimmediately and it may not have to produce hypochlorous. So it can kill the pathogen rapidly.This research followed a good way, which is a "from experiment to improvement, toapplication, finally to generalization" research route. So its quality became better graduallyfrom time to time. And sedculture farmers in south of Shaanxi province, which had gainedbetter economical profit for users and gotten some precious feedback information about it, hadapplied this product. The best technics for producing this disinfector using high chlorine hadbeen gotten through trying to produce in small amounts time to time. This makes a solid basisfor its extending and applying on a large scale.The result of sterilize experiment showed this disinfector can inactivate the planktobacteriain air and destroy some harmful microorganisms. So it might also be used to stock raising,storage, farm cotton, public sanitation, etc. which can kill virus, prevent from decay and illness.In a word, using it might lessen the burden of labor, raise the efficiency of work, moreimportantly can do well on both social and economical profits. As a new product of disinfectorCanxun’an will have a wider extension foreground.更多还原