老子的“无为”思想及其当代教育价值

【作者】 刘静；

【导师】 徐瑞；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 “无为”思想是老子哲学的重要观念。它以无形无状之“道”作为根基，因为“道”的虚无成就了万物，所以要有作为就需效法于“道”的“无为”，行不言之教，顺任自然。“无为”即是清静无欲，柔弱不争，更是一种善为，它在老子的自然观，人生观以及政治观上都有极为深刻的体现。老子的“无为”思想涵盖了人与自然和谐相处的意蕴，警醒人们少私寡欲，谦下不争，从而达到忘我的境界，塑造一个理想的人生，营造和谐的社会氛围，这为我们认识教育提供了崭新的视角。从某种程度上讲“无为”与“自然”是统一的，通过“无为”的行为来达到“自然”的状态，具体到教育上，就需要我们杜绝对学生的强制性教育，努力维持一种相对的自然平衡状态，循序渐进的去指导学生的成长与发展。学生所学的知识也应是一种自然之知而非世俗妄知，这种自然的知识观有助于引导学生形成正确的价值观念。老子“无为而治”的思想更是为班级管理提供了借鉴，依照“道”的本性，教师对学生应一视同仁，让学生自主参与到班级管理中来，处理班级问题要刚柔相济，以身作则，这有助于营造更加和谐融洽的班级氛围。老子“无为”思想的提出，批判和抨击了传统教育思想中所推崇的儒家礼教、天命神学和存在已久的权威教育制度，体现出老子积极的探索精神。他对自然主义教育的重视，为后世教育理念的革新起到了很好的借鉴作用。然而整体上看，老子对于教育理想的设定是过于片面化和理想化的，他忽视了主体的价值，具有强烈的主观的色彩。因此，我们应该辩证地看待老子的“无为”思想，使其可以更好的为我国教育改革和发展服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 “Inaction” is an important view of Lao Tzu’s philosophy. The shapeless "Tao" is itsfoundation. Because the "Tao" Nihility achieves all, you must follow in the "Tao" and "Inaction"if you want to make achievements, teaching people naturally without words."Inaction" meansdiscarding all desires and worries from one’s mind, not struggling. It also means being good atdoing anything. It has profound manifestation in Lao Tzu’s natural view, outlook on life andpolitical outlook. Lao Tzu’s "Inaction" covers the implication of harmony between man andnature, alerting people with little selfishness and desires to reach the realm of ecstasy and createan ideal life and a harmonious social atmosphere. It provides a new perspective for us tounderstand education.To a certain extent,“Inaction” and “Nature” is unified. We can achieve natural stateby Inaction’s behavior. In education, we should put an end to the compulsory education to thestudents and maintain a relative balance of nature state, guiding the students’ growth anddevelopment step by step. The students should learn natural knowledge not worldly knowledge.This natural view of knowledge will help students to establishing the correct values. Lao Tzu’sview of “Inaction” provides reference for class management. According to the nature of “Tao”,a teacher should treat all students equally, making students participate in the class managementactively. Handling the class problem needs being flexible and set an example. This will helpcreate a more harmonious class atmosphere.The thought of Lao Tzu’s “Inaction” criticizes the traditional thought of education whichrespects Confucianism and Fate Theology, which reflects Lao Tzu’s positive exploration spirit.His attaching great importance to the education of Naturalism plays a good role in the renovationof the future education philosophy. But on the whole, Lao Tzu’s educational ideal isone-sided and idealized. He ignored the subject’s value and had strong subjective color.Therefore, we should treat Lao Tzu’s philosophy of “Inaction” dialectically and make it betterservice for education reform in our country.更多还原