【作者】 韩朝；

【导师】 常智慧；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 草学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 污泥中含有腐殖质和生长素等生物活性类物质,会对植物的生长产生影响。本研究通过预实验确定了高羊茅从污泥中吸收的有效氮量,研究了相同氮肥条件下污泥对高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)抗旱性、氮素利用效率和抗氧化代谢的影响。本试验采用裂区设计,主处理包括充分浇水和干旱两个水平；副处理为不同的氮源：对照(75mg/kg的氮素由硝酸铵提供)、半污泥(硝酸铵和污泥各提供37.5mg/kg的氮素)、全污泥(75mg/kg的氮素由污泥提供)。干旱处理包括90%田间持水量、50%田间持水量、30%田间持水量、20%田间持水量和恢复浇水1周。结果表明：1干旱条件下全污泥和半污泥处理能够显著提高高羊茅的坪观质量、叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量,并降低叶片萎蔫度,2013年测得全污泥和半污泥的叶片萎蔫度与对照相比分别降低了12.2%和7.1%(P<0.05),表明污泥的施用能够改善高羊茅在干旱下地上部分的生长状况；全污泥处理还能提高叶片的水分利用效率,使高羊茅在50%田间持水量时保持较好的水分代谢；全污泥和半污泥处理能够增加两种水分状况下的根重,提高高羊茅在重度干旱下的根系活力,同时促进干旱条件下高羊茅叶片中脯氨酸的积累,表明污泥中的活性物质能够增强高羊茅的抗旱性。2全污泥和半污泥处理能够显著提高正常浇水和干旱胁迫高羊茅的地上生物量和根系干重；并提高正常浇水和干旱胁迫下高羊茅叶片的硝酸还原酶活性和重度干旱(20%田间持水量)下的根系硝酸还原酶活性；不同氮源处理在两种水分条件下的根系和叶片的全氮含量及氮产出量差异显著。正常浇水条件下,全污泥处理的氮产出量与半污泥和对照相比,分别高21.8%和86.2%,干旱条件下,全污泥处理的叶片全氮比半污泥处理和对照分别高13.5%和49.2%(P<0.05)。说明施用污泥能够促进干旱条件下高羊茅的氮素利用效率。3充分浇水条件下,污泥对高羊茅抗氧化代谢酶活性的影响不明显,而在干旱条件下,高羊茅叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化酶、过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活性均提高,全污泥和半污泥处理与对照比较,显著提高了抗氧化酶的活性,有效地保护了细胞干旱条件下的代谢,改善了高羊茅叶片细胞的水分代谢情况,从而降低了高羊茅受到干旱胁迫的损伤程度,表现出较好的坪观质量。综上所述：污泥的施用增强了高羊茅的抗旱性、促进了干旱条件下高羊茅的氮素利用效率并提高干旱条件下高羊茅的抗氧化代谢。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biosolids contain biologically active substances, such as humus and auxin, and they will impact plant growth.This study use a preliminary experiment to decide the dose of nitrogen that tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) can uptake from the biolids.Then study the impact of biosolids on drought resistance, nitrogent use efficiency and antioxidative metabolism of tall fescue under the same nitrogen level. Split-plot treatments included well-watered and drought stress. Subplots treatments were all applied nitrogen75mg/kg and included control (75mg N/kg soil completely provided by NH4NO3solution); biosolids0.5×rate (37.5mg N/kgsoil provided by biosolids, and37.5mg N/kg soil provided by NH4NO3solution) and biosolids1×rate (75mg N/kg soil completely provided by biosolids).Drought treatments included:90%field capacity,50%field capacity,30%field capacity,20%field capacity and rewatered for1week. The results showed that:1Biosolids1×rate and biosolids0.5×rate improved tall fescue turfgrass quality, leaf relative water content, leaf chlorophyll content, and reduced leaf wilting rate under drought stress,in2013,biosolids1×rate and biosolids0.5X rate reduced leaf wilting rate by12.2%and7.1%relative to control(P<0.05).This indicated that biosolids improved the aboveground growth condition of tall fescue under drought stress; biosolids1X rate also increased tall fescue leaf water use efficiency and maintained at better water metabolism at50%field capacity; biosolids1×rate and biosolids0.5×rate increased root dry weight of tall fescue under both moisture conditions and improved root viability under severe drought stress; proline accumulation was also promoted by bisolids under both water conditions.These suggest that biologically active substances in biosolids can enhenced drought tolerance of tall fescue.2Biosolids1×rate and biosolids0.5X rate increased clippings weight and root dry weight of tall fescue under well-watered condition and drought stress; biosolids treatments also increased leaf nitrate reductase activity under both moisture conditions and root nitrate reductase under severe drought stress(20%field capacity); significantly difference of leaf and root TKN as well as N output were observed in different nitrogen treatments. Under well-watered condition, biosolids1×rate improved N output by21.8%and86.2%when compared to biosolids0.5X rate and control, under drought stress, biosolids1×rate improved N output by13.5%and42.9%when compared to biosolids0.5×rate and control. Our data suggest that biosolids improved drought tolerance and improved N use efficiency of tall fescue under drought stress.3Under well-watered condition, biosolids impact on antioxidant activity are not significantly. Under drought conditions, activity of SOD,CAT,APX,POD was improved by biosolids1×rate and biosolids0.5×rate. This change protect the cell of tall fescue to maintain better metabolism level under drought stress, improved water metabolism conditions of tall fescue cell and reduced the damage of drought, and showed better turf quality.更多还原