【作者】 邱志海；

【导师】 陈发俊；

【作者基本信息】 安徽医科大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 从科教兴国战略的提出，到创新型国家建设的决策，公民科学素养已经成为当今大国综合国力竞争中的关键元素。各国政府都十分重视公民科学素养的提升，通过调查、测评等形式了解公民科学素养变化，并不断调整教育的方法和手段。其中，大学生群体作为具备较高科学技术水平的精英群体更是关注的焦点。大学生是一个国家中科学素养水平较高的群体，折射出一个国家高等教育的成效，影响着一个国家综合国力竞争的成败。因此，在大学生群体中开展科学素养水平的测量，并从结果中发现存在的问题，提出解决的策略，有着十分重要的理论和现实意义。本文共分为四个部分，从科学素养概念出发，概括了国内外在科学素养内涵、测评和提升策略等方面理论和实践成果。再以问卷调查的方式，了解当前我国理科类学生经过本科阶段学习后的科学素养状况，分析调查结果折射出高等教育中存在的问题，提出具体改进的策略。第一部分介绍了国内外有一定公认度的科学素养概念，在概念形成的历史阐述中，指出科学素养内涵将不断丰富的趋势；在总结国内外比较有代表性的科学素养调查理论和实践成果中，指出调查是开展科学素养提升的重要依据，且分群体的公民科学素养调查更有利于群体属性的体现和集中，更有利于理论联系实际，更有利于相关政策的提出。第二部分介绍了对研究对象调查的情况。本次调查选取中国科学技术大学、安徽医科大学、安徽农业大学三所高校一年级部分研究生为对象，使用中国科协编制的2005年中国公民科学素养调查问卷，从调查对象基本科学素养状况、获取科技信息的渠道和对信息感兴趣程度以及对科学技术事业的态度等方面，了解该人群科学素养的状况，并通过数据和表格进行分类表述。第三部分对调查结果进行分析。对比国内外调查结果，指出大学生科学素养状况和存在的问题；剖析调查题目正确率，分析科学教育对大学生科学素养的影响；分析男女大学生在科学素养达标率上差异的成因；发现大学生获取科技信息主要渠道的变化和对科学素养的影响；分析高校和政府在提升大学生对科技信息兴趣中的功能；从调查对象对科学技术职业声望看法中指出专业认知的重要性。第四部分是在结果分析的基础上，提出改进高等教育，提升该群体科学素养的策略。主要是采取文献研究法，以国内外相关研究成果为基础，结合该人群调查结果，在比较中提出有一定现实意义和可操作性的高等教育改进策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Civic scientific literacy has become the key element in comprehensive nationalpower competition, ranging from the proposal of strategy of rejuvenating the countrythrough science and education, to decision of building an innovative country.Governments are very keen to enhance the scientific literacy of citizens, to understandcivic scientific literacy change through investigation, evaluation, etc., and constantlyadjust the methods and means of education. Among citizens, the university studentgroup with a higher level of science and technology elite group is the focus.University students are groups with the higher level of scientific literacy in a country,reflecting the effectiveness of a country’s higher education, and affecting thecompetitiveness of a country’s comprehensive national power.Therefore, there istheoretical and practical significance in measuring the level of scientific literacyamong college student group, finding problems from the results, and proposingsolutions.This paper is divided into four parts, starting from the concept of scientificliteracy, and ending with summary of the theory and practice results in terms ofdomestic and foreign scientific literacy concept, evaluation and promotion strategies.Then through using questionnaires, this paper aims to study into the science literacysituation of postgraduate students majoring in engineering, agriculture and medicinein current China, to analyze higher education problems reflected through the findingsof the research and to propose specific strategies for improvement.The first part introduces the concepts of scientific literacy both at home andabroad which have accepted a certain degree of common recognization. In thehistorical description part of the formation of the concepts, it’s pointed out thatscientific literacy will continue to enrich its connotation; in summary part ofrepresentative survey of scientific literacy achievement in theory and practice, it’spointed out that the survey is an important basis for enhancement of scientific literacy,and the scientific literacy survey among different groups is much more helpful formanifestation and concentration for group attributes, is much more helpful forconnection between theory and practice and is much more helpful for proposingrelevant policies. The second part of the study describes the circumstances of the investigation.The survey selects some first-year postgraduate students from University of Scienceand Technology of China, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Agricultural University,and uses scientific literacy questionnaire for Chinese citizens made in2005by theChina Association for Science. This paper tries to understand the situation in thescientific literacy of this group and describe different categories through data andtables from a survey of basic scientific literacy status of this group, their access tochannels of information, levels of interest for information technology and attitudestoward science and technology.The third part analyses the results of the survey. Comparing the results of theinvestigation at home and abroad, this paper points out the status of universitystudents’ scientific literacy and the existing problems. Analyzing the survey accuracy,this paper analyses the effect of science and education to college students’ scientificliteracy. Through analysis of causes of the differences on scientific literacy successrate between male and female university students, this paper finds out the change ofthe main channels for university students to get science and technology informationand the impact on the scientific literacy. This paper also analyses the function ofuniversities and the government in promoting college students’ interest in science andtechnology information; From the survey for the occupational prestige of science andtechnology through viewpoint of university students, the importance of professionalrecognition is pointed out.The fourth part is based on the results of the analysis, which proposes strategiesfor improving higher education and improving the scientific literacy of this group.This paper uses the way of literature study. On the basis of relevant research results athome and abroad and combined with the findings of this group, this paper proposesstrategies for improving higher education with a certain practical significance andfeasibility.更多还原