【作者】 张琳；

【导师】 张明泉；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 环境工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 土遗址是以土为主要建筑材料的具有历史、文化和科学价值的古遗址。由于土遗址一般位于室外,且具有不可移动性、占地面积大、水稳定性能差等特点,使得环境中水分对它的影响很大。因此,在土遗址的保护工作中,科学判别土遗址所处环境的干湿程度至关重要,直接影响到所采取的预防和保护措施的可行性及有效性。本文首先界定了“环境干湿度”概念,从大气环境、水环境、地质环境、生物环境和土壤环境来分析与土遗址环境干湿度相关的常用指标；采用德尔菲法筛选出最终指标,建立土遗址保存环境干湿度判定指标体系,并运用各指标对土遗址环境干湿度进行分区。最后以杭州良渚遗址为例,采用模糊综合评价方法判定其所在环境的干湿程度,总结其环境特征,分析其主要病害及成因,提出针对性保护措施。研究结果为不同地域土遗址保护工作中的相互借鉴及差别化对待提供一种数字化探讨方法。主要研究内容和初步结论如下：(1)对环境干湿度的涵义进行了重新界定,并全面分析了土遗址环境干湿度的影响因素。(2)根据土遗址的环境影响因素,利用德尔菲法建立了以空气相对湿度、降水量、干燥度(或潮湿系数)、水域面积、森林覆盖率和土壤含水量等六项为定量指标和植被类型为定性指标的土遗址环境干湿度的判定指标体系。(3)将土遗址所处环境分为干旱区、半干旱区、过渡区、潮湿区和过湿区五个等级,并对每个定量指标划定了各区的取值范围。(4)以杭州良渚遗址为例,运用模糊综合评价法,判定杭州良渚遗址所处环境属于潮湿区。根据判定指标,分析良渚遗址环境特征、主要病害及成因,并对其保护措施进行了初步探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 Earthen monument is a kind of ancient sites that is based on soil as the main building materials with historical, cultural and scientific value. Because the earthen monument is generally located outdoors and has some characteristics such as immovability, large area and poor water stability, the water in its surrounding environment has great influence on it..Therefore,in the protection of earthen monuments, scientific evaluation on the dry and wet degree of earthen sites’ preservation environment directly affects the feasibility and effectiveness of the preventive and protective measures taken.This paper first defines the concept of "environmental humidity", and analyses indexes related to the dry and wet degree of earthen sites’preservation environment from the atmospheric environment, water environment, geological environment, biological environment and soil environment,screens out the final indexes by Delphi method, establishes the index system to discriminate the dry and wet degree of earthen sites’preservation environment, and uses these indexes to divide the dry and wet degree of environment. Finally,taking the Liangzhu site in Hangzhou as an example, judges the dry and wet degree of environment by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,summarizes its environmental characteristics, analyses its main diseases and their causes, puts forward specific protective measures. The results of this research provide a digital approach for different soil sites in the protection of mutual learning and discrimination. The main contents and preliminary conclusions are as follows:(1) This paper redefines the meaning of environmental humidity, and makes a comprehensive analys is of the factors affecting the environment humidity of the soil site.(2) According to the environmental factors on soil sites,we establish the index system to discriminate the dry and wet degree of environment by Delphi method with relative humidity, precipitation, aridity (or wet coefficient), water area, forest coverage rate and water content of soil as quantitative indexes and vegetation type as the qualitative index. (3)The environment which the earthen monument is in is made divided into arid, semi-arid region, transition region, the humid region and wet region, and each index is defined the range of the district.(4) Taking the Liangzhu site in Hangzhou as an example, this paper discriminates that the Hangzhou Liangzhu site belongs to the humid area by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.According to the index system, we summarize its environmental characteristics, analyse its main diseases and their causes,and discuss the protective measures.更多还原