【作者】 张治中；

【导师】 牛敬忠；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古大学 ， 历史学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 近代以来,地处北疆的察哈尔地区灾荒非常严重。本文主要从察哈尔地区近代以来灾荒的概况、灾荒的原因和灾荒的影响三个方面对此进行了论述。近代,察哈尔地区灾荒种类繁多,其中又以水、旱、雹灾最甚。频繁的灾荒呈现出时间空间上普遍性、灾荒的群发性、连续性等特点。近代察哈尔地区主要有两次较为严重的灾荒,即1892—1893年灾荒和1928—1930年灾荒,这两次较为严重的灾荒,不论从受灾面积还是从灾害程度,给察哈尔地区造成的破坏都是非常巨大的。本文主要从自然因素和社会因素两个方面探讨了察哈尔地区灾荒的原因,自然因素主要分析了察哈尔地区气候、地理环境、土壤等因素。察哈尔地区灾荒严重的原因,更多的应该是社会因素。例如近代以来对察哈尔地区大规模无序的开垦、滞后的水利建设、动荡的社会环境、沉重的苛政以及救济体制自身的问题等。灾荒是影响近代察哈尔地区社会发展的重要问题,察哈尔地区严重的灾荒不仅造成土地沙化、水土流失,破坏了自然环境,而且造成大量人口死亡、流失,引发土匪等一系列社会冲突,同时,严重破坏了当地的农业生产。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since modern times, is located in the northern chahar regional disaster is very serious. This article mainly from the chahar area since modern times of famine situation, the influence of the cause of the disaster and famine three aspects were discussed. There is a wide variety of chahar region famines in modern, with water, drought, hailstorm, among them the most. Frequent famines in present time space clusters of universality, famine, continuity and so on. Chahar area mainly has two large-scale natural disaster, which is1892-18931928-1930famine and famine, and the two massive famine, no matter from the affected area or from the disaster degree, chahar regional disasters are caused by the unprecedented.This article mainly from two aspects of natural factors and social factors discussed the reason of the famine chahar region, natural factors mainly analyzes the chahar regional climate, geographical environment, soil and other factors. The reason of the famine serious chahar region, more should be social factors. Since modern times, such as in large-scale disorderly reclamation chahar region, water conservancy construction lag, turbulent social environment, heavy tyranny and remedy system problems, etc.Famine is the important problem of modern society development in chahar chahar serious natural disaster not only cause the land desertification, soil erosion, destroyed the natural environment, and caused the death, loss of large population, bandits, and a series of social conflicts, and at the same time, serious damage to the local agricultural production.更多还原