【作者】 陈刚；

【导师】 张德珍； 高鹏；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 计算机技术， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球化的进行,运输业也变得越来越活跃,水路运输业也随着这一趋势取得了长足的发展。水上客运日益繁忙,重特大事故却屡屡出现。由于船舶结构复杂,舱室密闭、紧凑；大部分乘客,对客轮内部结构不熟悉；而且人员众多,所以发生意外时,疏散压力较大。同时疏散窗口时间比陆上建筑物内的要短,争取在最短时间内逃至舱外集合点变得尤为重要。船上疏散有别于陆上建筑物内的疏散,是当前研究的薄弱或忽略环节,其造成的灾难性后果甚于后者。当客轮发生意外时,所有人员能否及时疏散关系到全体人员的生命安全。灾难发生所造成恶性事件的不可挽回性以及对后来的警示性,使本课题的研究具有重要的社会价值。本课题的研究,对于进一步的理论分析、实际逃生指导、造船行业更好的设计与制造舱室布局,以及评估现有大型船舰的人员疏散能力等,都具有重大的指导意义。现阶段客轮疏散主要借鉴陆上疏散的研究成果,缺乏船舶疏散有关影响因素的基础数据,缺乏船舶特定环境考虑的实验环节设计及数据采集；同时,船上疏散考虑的影响因素较为复杂,对船舶疏散过程中倾斜和摇摆之类的因素考虑较少。本文针对船舶摇摆因素进行了深入研究,利用大连海事大学海上救助模拟系统,设计了行人在摇摆的船舶上的行走实验。详细分析了实验数据,并在实验的基础上构建了考虑风浪影响因素的客轮人员疏散模型,进而模拟出行人在撤离中的自组织、堵塞、间断性人流、以及客轮摇摆时的停顿调整等典型现象。在开源软件FDS_EVAC的基础上,开发设计了考虑风浪影响,且符合FDS输入输出标准的人员疏散模拟软件。并依照实际数据,建立了渤海翠珠轮第七层甲板的仿真模型。在甲板满载的情况下,利用模拟软件做了仿真模拟,分析对比了在无风和有风浪影响情况下的仿真模拟数据。最后,总结了本文的研究成果和研究概况,并在此基础上对客轮疏散的模拟的研究提出了一些建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of globalization, transportation business has become increasingly active, with this trend waterway transportation industry has also made great strides. However, the following extra serious accidents also emerge endlessly. Most of the passengers on the ferry are not familiar with the internal structure because of the complexity of the ship structure and the compactness of the cabins; and if an accident occurs, the evacuation of so many people will face great pressure. Meanwhile the time of accessible evacuation window compared with buildings inland is much shorter, evacuating to the extravehicular rendezvous in the shortest time becomes particularly important. However, unlike the evacuation of buildings inland, the current study of ship evacuation is the weak or ignored link, its disastrous consequences is worse. When it comes to a ferry accident, the timely evacuation of all personnel is closely linked to the lives and safety of all personnel. These disasters have caused irreparable vicious consequences, therefore, further theoretical analysis, actual escape guidance, the guidance of shipbuilding industry of designing better cabin layout and manufacturing of large vessels as well as the assessment of the existing evacuation capacity of large vessels are all of great significance for the subject.After the study and analysis of this subject, this paper points out that at this stage, the current ferry evacuation mainly use the inland evacuation research for reference, and there is a lack of basic data of the ship evacuation factors, and a lack of the experimental link design and data collection of specific environmental considerations in ships; Influencing factors of ship evacuation is comparatively complex, the consideration of factors such as tilted ships and swing of ships in the evacuation process is not enough. An intensive study of factors influencing the swing of ships was made, the experiment of pedestrian walking on a rocking ship using the Dalian Maritime University salvage simulation system was designed. Detailed analysis of the experimental data was made, and model of passenger evacuation on ships considering the effects of storms on an experimental basis was established. This model can simulate typical phenomenon such as self-organization, congestion, intermittent flow, and passengers’adjustment when the ship swings of pedestrian evacuation. On the basis of the open source software FDS_EVAC, the evacuation simulation software in full compliance with the FDS input and output standard considering the impact of storms is designed. The establishment of the simulation model of BoHaiCuiZhu ship’s seventh deck is made in accordance with the actual data. The simulation is made in the case of a fully loaded deck using the simulation software, the simulation data in cases of calm and stormy weathers are analyzed and compared.The last part summarizes the research result and profile of this article, and makes several suggestions in the studies of passenger evacuation.更多还原