【作者】 刘宁；

【导师】 时俊静；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 军伶泛指唐宋时期军队中的乐舞人员，专事音乐、戏剧、百戏等不同形式的艺术表演。军中的倡优、伶人、营妓以及禁军乐人等作为专门的乐舞人员，构成了军伶这一特殊群体。他们活跃于军营这个特殊的文化空间，不但是乐舞、戏剧传播的重要媒介，而且是边地以及域外音乐传入的重要中转，为中原腹地乐舞发展不断输送新曲调、新形式。若想更全面、更细致地把握音乐以及表演艺术发展的进程，军伶是不容忽视的群体。唐以前军队中已出现乐舞人员，其中包括军队中的鼓吹乐人以及汉以来一直存在于军营中的营妓。唐朝军伶出现且数量不断增加的原因有三：其一，唐朝乐舞风气兴盛；其二，安史之乱后，唐朝社会呈现出藩镇林立的局面；其三，安史之乱后，朝廷大量削减乐工。军伶在军队中主要承担着娱乐官兵、接待宾旅以及献乐等职能。军伶一般由乐营统一管理。唐朝对军伶的管理比较松懈，除去参加军中宴饮的时间，他们可以自由出入于乐营。宋代军伶在唐代的基础上继续发展，主要包括禁军乐人、营妓等。宋代仍然存在乐营，然而军伶已不全是由乐营进行管理，此时在乐营管理范围之内的应是营妓。唐宋军伶的表演内容主要包括歌舞、戏曲、百戏等，他们的表演带有与时俱进的特点。在军伶表演中，独特的乐器伴奏如芦管歌、特殊的表演形式如优胡戏，特殊的曲调如《凉州曲》等边关大曲格外值得关注。军伶将这些独具特色的音乐、戏剧形式带出军营，并被宫廷和民间这两大音乐空间所吸收，对唐宋乃至后世音乐、戏剧的发展变化产生了一定程度的影响。军伶以及军营演出在元明清仍有延续。如明代的【数落山坡羊】、【边关调】便是从军营中流传开来的，清代的“马上撞”也可以视为军伶在传播音乐的过程中产生的一种新形式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The army’s actors referred to the ones who were specialized in music and dance in thearmy,their various performances contained music, drama, acrobatics and so on.People whowere called chang you,ling ren,ying ji and musicians in imperial army were all included inthis group.The group act actively in this special cultural space,it was not only an importantmedium in the spread of dance and drama, but also an important transit of music fromabroad. The actors constantly developed new tunes and the new form for the central plainshinterland. The group was not allowed to ignore if we want to grasp the progression of themusic and the performing arts more comprehensively and more detailed.The author thinks thegroup deserves a broad concept,only put it into our vision of the research field can we fullyaware of their particularity,thus understand how they took the important role as the armymusic art creators and propagators throughout the history of music and drama.Actors who were specialized in music and dance appeared in the army before the tangdynasty, the army preach and ying ji were included in this group.There were three reasonsfor the appearance and the growing number of the army’s actors. First, the tang dynasty’sdancing culture flourished;Secondly, after the rebellion, military governors of the tangdynasty society stood in great numbers;Thirdly, the court slashed the musicians after therebellion.The army’s actors undertook the responsibilities of entertainment,reception andcontribution of music.The army’s actors were managed by the camp.The management of the tang dynasty waslax,the actors had access to the camp.The army’s actors in song dynasty continued todevelop on the basis of tang dynasty,mainly included the army preach and ying ji.The campremained in song dynasty,however, the group was not entirely managed by camp, ying jiwere in the camp at this time.The army’s actors’ performances contained music, drama and acrobatics, there were stillforms of music and drama in song dynasty. In the performance of the music,there wereunique musical accompaniments such as “flower song”,special forms such as “you hudrama”and special tunes such as "liang zhou song" particularly noteworthy.The actors brought unique forms of music and drama out of the army,then made arts absorb by these twomusic space——the palace and the folk. They brought a certain degree of influence to thedevelopment of music and drama during tang and song dynasty and later generations.The influence continued in later generations of yuan ming qing dynasty.The tune of“sheep on the hill”and “border adjustment” were circulated in the town of the army in mingdynasty.“The Bumped” in qing dynasty can also be regarded as a new form in the spread ofmusic.更多还原