【作者】 陈文；

【导师】 叶泽雄；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 人与自然的关系问题,即人在自然界中究竟处于什么地位,人与自然存在着一种怎样的关系,怎样处理人与自然的关系,这一问题既是哲学界争论不休的研究性课题,也是一个伴随人类社会的发展具有时代意义的实践性问题。近些年来,人与自然的矛盾日益凸显,严峻的环境问题使得人类开始反思自身的生存方式并且寻求解决生态危机的良策,在此基础上形成了西方生态伦理学、生态学马克思主义等不同流派。由于时代的局限,马克思没有使用过“生态”这一专业术语,然而并不能以此来否认马克思自然观中所蕴含的生态理念,也不能以此否定这一生态理念对于重新审视人与自然关系、解决生态问题所具有的理论和现实意义。本文从这一观点出发,通过对比西方生态伦理学、生态学马克思主义截然不同的致思路径,在此基础上系统阐述马克思生态自然观的基本内涵,阐发马克思生态自然观的现时代的意义,以期为解决全球生态危机提供理论指导,为建设生态文明寻找新思路。在结构上,本文分为导言、正文三章及结束五个部分导言是铺垫部分。随着工业化和全球化进程的加快,生态问题已经日趋发展为制约人类社会进步的重大瓶颈之一。人类在反省自身行为,采取一系列措施保护生态的同时,也开始从理论根源上重新审视人与自然的关系,并试图为解决生态问题的提供可行性对策。第二部分重点讨论生态伦理哲学、生态学马克思主义在生态问题上的分歧。生态伦理哲学从价值论的维度理解和解决人与自然的关系问题,生态学马克思主义者侧重于从社会制度层面探寻生态危机的根源。前者停留于抽象价值层,将生态危机理解为伦理道德危机,没有认识到生态问题的最终根源,因此也不可能找到解决生态问题的真正出路；后者将生态危机理解为社会危机,并认为人与自然的矛盾已然成为资本主义社会的主要矛盾,生态因素成为社会发展中的决定性力量,一方面将马克思对资本主义的批判扩大到生态层面,另一方面否定了马克思的经济危机理论在当代的适用性。第三部分重点论述马克思生态自然观的基本内涵。仅仅从某个单一层面无法看到环境问题的最终根源,也不可能找到解决环境问题的真正出路。马克思生态自然观思想始终强调解决人与自然的矛盾既需要从认识论和价值论层面,通过扭转人的价值和道德判断化解人与自然的矛盾,更需要合理规范人的实践活动,对包括生产方式在内的整个社会制度进行变革。第四部分在第三部分的基础上简要论述了马克思生态自然的当代启示。分别从树立环保意识、合理运用科学技术、强化制度规约、重视生态文明建设、构建和谐社会五个方面的阐释马克思生态自然观的当代启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relationship between man and nature, is both a controversial philosophy issue, but also a practical problem associated with the development of human society with the times meaningless. In recent years, the contradiction between human beings and nature has become increasingly prominent. Environmental concerns makes humans began to reflect on their own way of life and to find good solutions to the ecological crisis, on this basis, formed the western Ecological Ethics, Ecological Marxism and other different genres. Due to the limitations of the times, Marx never used the "ecological" this terminology, but that can not deny in Marx’s view of nature inherent in the concept of ecological, and can not deny the theoretical and practical significance of this ecological concept for the revisit the relationship between human beings and nature, to solve ecological problems. This article from this point of view, by contrasting Ecological Ethics, Ecological Marxism distinct path of Thought, on this basis, systematically expounded the basic connotation of Marx’s ecological view, expounded the significance of Marx’s ecological view of the present era, in order to provide theoretical guidance for addressing the global ecological crisis, for the construction of ecological civilization looking for new ideas. In structure, the paper is divided into an introduction, three chapters of body and the endThe introduction is foreshadowing section. With the acceleration of industrialization and globalization, ecological problems have become increasingly one of the major bottlenecks in the development of human social progress. Human being not only reflected on their own behavior, adopted a series of measures to protect the ecology, but also began to re-examine the theoretical roots from the relationship between humans being and nature, to find a good solution to ecological problems.The second part focuses on the differences on Ecological Ethics and Ecological Marxism on the relationship between man and nature epistemological. Ecological Ethics from the axiological dimension to understand and resolve the relationship between man and nature, Ecological Marxism focuses on exploring the root causes of the ecological crisis from a social system level. The former residence at the value level of abstraction to discuss the ecological crisis, is unable to see the ultimate source of ecological problems, it is impossible to find the true way to solve ecological problems; latter ecological factors for people to exaggerate the decisive factor in political behavior, trying to "ecological-crisis "instead of economic crisis ", denied the applicability of Marx’s economic crisis in contemporary theory.The third part focuses on the basic connotation of Marx’s ecological view of nature. The difference between ethics and ecology and ecological Marxism from the real process of human practice to explore the relationship between man and nature, Marx emphasized the practice of ecological view of nature is always the key to the understanding of the relationship between man and nature, man and nature-based practice unity and separation, while the practice is also the basis of man and nature to achieve reconciliation and human reconciliation. In fact, the practice by human activity caused the ecological crisis can only be corrected by human practice and awareness activities and solutions, just can not see the ultimate source of environmental problems from the perspective of ethics and values, it is impossible to find solutions to environmental problems the real way out.The fourth part on the basis of the third part briefly discusses the value of Marx’s ecological nature.,from Marx’s ecological view of nature to solve the global ecological crisis, to establish the ecological civilization, to realize the sustainable development to interpret of its value of the times.更多还原