【作者】 王慧；

【导师】 李雪萍；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 社会学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 甘孜藏族自治州是新时期国家扶贫攻坚的主战场之一,公共产品供给是国家扶贫开发的重要手段,通过基础设施建设和建立健全基本公共服务体系,农牧民生产生活条件均得到较大的改善。甘孜藏族自治州公共产品的供给相对于其他地区来说有其特殊性,这便是在供给过程中产品性质发生了改变。在既有的关于产品性质变异的研究中,学者们注重从经验层面对产品性质发生变异的原因进行分析,缺乏具体理论的支撑。对于如何从宏观和微观两个层面去把握性质变异的过程,运用怎样的分析工具去分析其演变的逻辑则甚少有学者进行深入探讨,而这即是本文侧重的研究点,也是本文不同于其他研究的创新点所在。公共性是一个庞杂的概念,目前对于公共性的阐述主要有阿伦特的“公共世界”理论,哈贝马斯的“公共领域”思想,卢曼的合法理性理论,罗尔斯的公共理性理论四大主流视角。公共产品的供给服从于公共性理论的建构逻辑,是公共性理论在现实中的具体实践,因此本文将公共性视角作为研究藏区公共产品供给状况的基本立足点,通过对英吉考尔提出的公共性三角模型进行分析,试图进一步论证“公共产品的性质是一种社会建构”这一理论观点,以及分析甘孜藏族自治州公共产品供给实践中社会建构作用下的公共产品是如何表现出更强烈的公共性。以公共性三角模型作为分析工具,具体分析产品性质受社会构建的影响,在消费、决策和净收益公共性三个维度的拓展下发生改变的状况。这三个维度分别为：第一是消费的公共性,即产品是否可以被所有人消费；第二是净收益的公共性,产品的净收益是否实现了公平分配；第三是决策的公共性,由谁来决定将该产品划入公共领域内。消费的公共性、净收益的公共性、决策的公共性作为一平面坐标轴的三个维度可以在特定的场域,制度政策、体制下向外延伸,即出现公共性的扩展,达至公共均衡,实现公共产品供给的理想状态。在甘孜藏族自治州的公共产品供给实践中,供应者通过改变产品的供需结构、增加公共产品的消费内容和扩大消费者人数促进消费的公共性的拓展；通过多主体合作供给,采取责任分担与主体间的互动协作的方式保证了决策的公共性的拓展；通过有差别的分别供给实现群体间的公平,“授之以渔”而非单纯的授之以鱼的供给方式保证农牧民资本与能力间的相互赋予来实现净收益的公共性的拓展。这三个层面的拓展,体现了公共产品在社会建构作用下的公共性的增加,公共性增长的实质是消费该种产品的农村社区和社区成员(农牧民们)获得的总体福利的增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is one of the main battlefields of the government’s poverty alleviation in the new era. Public goods supply is an important way of poverty alleviation and development. Through the construction of infrastructure construction and basic public service system, farmers and herdsmen’s producing and living condition has improved a lot. Compared to other areas, the supply of public goods in Garze Prefecture has some particularity, which the property of public goods has been changed. In the related researches, scholars focus more on experiential level and analysis the reason of property variation, but there is no specific theory to support their researches. So it is important to study on the process of property variation both in macro and micro dimensions, and finds an analysis tool to support the logic of variation. That’s the emphasis point and also the innovative point of this paper.Publicity is a complex concept. There are four main perspectives of it, which are Hannah Arendt’s Public world Theory, Habermas’s Public sphere Theory, Luhmann’s theory of legitimacy and Rawls’ theory of public reason. The supply of public goods depends on the construction logic of publicity theory, and it is the specific practice in reality. In this paper, we take the view of publicity as basic foothold to analysis the supply conditions in Garze Area, and we take Inge Kaul’s triangle model of publicity as a tool to further proof the theoretical perspective which is the property of public goods determined by social construction. Besides, we try to figure out how comes the public goods show stronger publicity under the function of social construction.Triangle model of publicity composes three parts: Firstly, that is publicity of consumption, which means whether the goods can be consumed by all the people or not; Secondly, that is publicity of net income, which means whether the net income has been distributed fairly among people; Thirdly, that is publicity of decision, which means by whom the goods has been determined categorized in public sphere. These three parts exist in the same plane axis, and as three dimensions they could expand along their directions under certain conditions, like different system, policy or institution. The expansion of three dimensions means the increase of publicity; it can reach a final equilibrium and realize the idea state of public goods supply. In the practice of public goods supply in Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, suppliers change the structure of supply and demand of goods and increase the content and number of consumers to promote the expansion of consumption publicity. Multi-agent cooperation and shared responsibility between principal parts guaranteed the expansion of decision publicity. Through differential provision to achieve the fair between groups, and "teaching them to fishing but not just eat fish" to help the farmers and herdsmen get mutual empowerment both in social capital and personal capacity, which can enhance the expansion of net income publicity. The expansion in these three dimensions reflects the increase of publicity under the function of social construction. And also the essence of publicity increase means the increase of overall well-being in the community and its members, which also means all the farmers and herdsmen in Garze areas.更多还原