【作者】 杨静；

【导师】 姚青云；

【作者基本信息】 宁夏大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 宁夏是我国西北干旱缺水地区,农村饮水安全问题直接影响农民的身体健康、生命安全和社会稳定程度。因此,切实解决农村饮水安全问题就成为实现宁夏经济社会可持续发展的迫切需求。而对农村饮水安全状况进行科学、合理的评价是解决农村饮水安全问题的必经之路。本文结合宁夏实际情况,采用两种评价方法对其安全状况进行评价,以期为相关部门有针对性的进行农村饮水安全工作提供理论依据。具体内容如下：主要研究内容：(1)本文在建立的适用于宁夏北部引黄灌区、中部干旱带和南部山区的三套评价指标体系的基础上,运用层次分析法和熵权法分别对指标体系中各指标的权重进行计算。(2)将宁夏农村饮水安全状况分为五级(I—V级),运用模糊综合评价法和模糊物元法分别对宁夏三个区的农村饮水安全状况进行评价和对比,根据对比结果,进行异同分析。(3)运用模糊物元法对宁夏各县(市、区)的农村饮水安全状况进行评价,分别求出各县(市、区)的安全等级,并结合coreldraw绘图软件,直观反映各县(市、区)的农村饮水安全状况。(4)针对农村饮水不安全地区(V级代表危险),分析其原因并试浅提建议。研究结论：(1)通过两种方法的计算,得中部干旱带、南部山区以及北部引黄灌区的农村饮水安全均达到基本安全状况,整体处于良好状态。全区达到基本安全及以上的县(市、区)占全区的72%(北部占45%、中部占9%、南部占18%),处于不安全状况的县(市、区)占全区的28%(北部占14%、中部占9%、南部占5%)。从整体看：北部引黄灌区>南部山区>中部干旱带。(2)由组合权重确定的对农村饮水安全影响最大的前7个因素分别为：人居水资源占有量、水量不达标程度、饮用氟超标人口比例、饮用苦咸水人口比例、集中供水普及率、分散供水普及率及取水方便程度。据此,可以为相关部门有针对性的提高农村饮水安全状况提供理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ningxia is our country northwest arid area, rural drinking water safety issues directly affect the health, safety and social stability. Therefore, to solve the problem of rural drinking water safety is the urgent need to achieve sustainable economic and social development in Ningxia. On the rural drinking water safety of evaluation is scientific and reasonable, is the only way which must be passed to solve the problem of rural drinking water safety. In this paper,combined with the actual situation in Ningxia, using two kinds of methods to assess the security situation,has for relevant departments to provide theoretical evidence for targeted for rural drinking water safety. The specific contents are as follows:The main research contents:(1) based on the established suitable for Northern Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District, central arid zone and southern mountainous area of three sets of evaluation index system, using AHP and entropy method are respectively the weight of each index in the system was calculated.(2) the situation of drinking water safety in rural areas of Ningxia is divided into five levels (Ⅰ-Ⅴ), using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the evaluation and comparison of fuzzy matter-element method respectively to three districts of Ningxia rural drinking water safety situation, according to the result of analysis, the similarities and differences.(3) counties of Ningxia using the fuzzy matter element method (city, district) for evaluation of rural drinking water safety situation, were calculated by the county (city,district) level of security, and combined with the CorelDRAW drawing software, directly reflect the counties (city, area) of the rural drinking water safety situation.(4) for rural drinking water safety level in the high area (V represents danger), analyses its reasons and try to solve the method of shallow.Conclusions:(1) through the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on the combined weight and comparison based on the conclusion of fuzzy matter-element method combined weight of view, central arid zone,mountain area in the South and north of the Yellow River irrigation area of rural drinking water safety situation for the basic security. To achieve the basic security and above the county (city, district) accounts for72%of the whole region (Northern accounted for40.3%, accounted for9%, Central South accounted for22.7%), unsafe status of county (city, district) accounts for28%of the whole region (Northern accounted for16.8%, middle11.2%). Safety of drinking water in Ningxia District, from an overall perspective:the northern Yellow River Irrigation District in southern mountain area of>> Middle Arid zone.(2) is determined by the combined weight of rural drinking water safety impact of7evaluation indexes the biggest respectively:residential water resource, water is not up to the standard of drinking fluoride exceed the standard, the proportion of the population, the proportion of the population drinking brackish water,concentrated water supply coverage, dispersed water supply coverage and convenient water level. Accordingly,for the relevant departments to provide theoretical basis for the status of rural drinking water safety improvement.更多还原