社会排斥对农民工子女成长影响的实证研究

【作者】 刘菲；

【导师】 冯喜良；

【作者基本信息】 首都经济贸易大学 ， 社会工作（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,由于新一代农民工进程方式的改变,令城市中的农民工子女群体越来越大,因为他们的身份,在城市中受到了各种各样的社会排斥,但农民工子女内也存在着不同层次,所受排斥程度及农民工子女的感知与其所在层次有很强的相关性。社会排斥的表现有经济排斥、制度排斥和文化排斥。经济排斥是隐性的排斥,作为基础影响农民工子女生活的方方面面。制度排斥主要体现在城乡二元户籍制度带来的问题上。一方面在于因为户口无法进入公立学校就读,或者是有很高的成绩要求,或者是收取高昂的借读费,背后都是因为户口问题。另一方面打工子弟学校得不到财政支持,办学水平远远不及公立学校,且时常遭到取缔。农民工子女所能感受到的社会排斥来自于制度排斥和文化排斥两方面。在制度排斥上,当他们面临入学、升学的问题时,都会清楚的意识到自己是外地人,会产生不公平的感受。在文化排斥上,一方面来源于城市人有意无意的疏离态度,另一方面更为明显的是感受到的来自城市人的歧视和偏见,口音及外显的农村人特质是首要原因。在公立学校的学生比在打工子弟学校的学生感受到的歧视和偏见要少,这是因为在公立学校就读或住在普通居民区的农民工子女与城里人接触更多,随着在城市居住时间的增长,其农村人的外显特征会减弱。另一方面他们的家庭环境也允许他们补课,学习成绩更接近城里孩子,这也客观上缩小了他们的差距。社会排斥对农民工子女的影响体现在边缘化和对其心理的影响上。打工弟子学校比公立学校的农民工子女的边缘化成都要更深。在心理层面上,社会排斥会加强他们的自我标签,令他们变得害羞、敏感、胆怯,缺乏对城市的归属感、探索欲望和社会身份认同感,这反过来加剧了他们对社会排斥和歧视的感知。农民工子女对社会排斥的应对与其适应表现有很强的正相关性。应对策略按积极和消极大致上可分为寻求社会支持和回避两种。采取积极的应对策略的农民工子女的成绩相对更好,适应状况也更好,具有更良好的社会身份认同感,反之亦然,至于何者为因何者为果尚不清楚,或许是互为因果,互相加强。社会工作介入应考虑不同层次农民工子女的不同特点,有针对性的进行介入。在文章的最后提出了具体的介入方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, due to changes in the way the process of a new generation of migrant workers, so the city’s growing population of migrant children, because of their status, the city has been a wide variety of social exclusion.Economic exclusion is implicit exclusion, as a basis for affecting every aspect of life in children of migrant workers. On the one hand is that because they can not enter public schools, or there is a very high performance requirements, or charge exorbitant each week, behind only because the account problem. On the other hand can not get financial support for migrant children schools, school level far less kilometers schools, and often was banned. Cultural exclusion is mainly reflected in the discrimination and prejudice.Children of migrant workers can feel excluded from the system of social exclusion and cultural exclusion in two ways. On the institutional exclusion, when they about to enter higher schools,they will clearly realize that they are outsiders, will produce feelings of unfairness. Cultural exclusion, discrimination and prejudice they can feel people from the city, the accent and the explicit nature of rural people is the primary cause. Students in public schools feel less discrimination and prejudice than in migrant school students.Social exclusion affect children of migrant workers is reflected in the marginalization and its psychological impact. On the psychological level, social exclusion will enhance their self-labels, so that they become shy, sensitive, timid, lacking a sense of belonging to the city, and the desire to explore the social sense of identity, which in turn exacerbated their social exclusion and discrimination perception.Children of migrant workers to deal with social exclusion and its performance has a strong positive correlation. By positive and negative coping strategies can be broadly divided into two kinds of seeking social support and avoidance. Active coping strategies relative performance of migrant children better and better adapt to the situation, a more favorable social sense of identity.Social work intervention should consider the different characteristics of different levels of children of migrant workers, targeted for intervention. In the last article made specific interventions.更多还原