【作者】 马健；

【导师】 孙玉环；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 统计学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放后,我国劳动力市场出现了严重的性别收入分化现象,男性的收入普遍高于女性的收入,这种现象的存在阻碍社会公平的实现和经济增长效率的提高,制约着经济社会的健康发展,已经引起学术界的重视。不同领域的学者从不同角度出发,试图揭示性别收入差异产生的原因及影响因素,目前,关于性别收入差异产生的原因,学界已达成共识,即中国传统封建文化残留的性别歧视观念是导致这种差异的主要原因。而对于其主要影响因素,学术界并没有统一的结论。随着市场化进程的深入,不同因素对性别收入差异的影响不断变化,准确分析当前阶段影响性别收入差异的各因素的作用,是保证政府部门制定的缩小性别收入差异政策切实可行的关键。本文基于“中国家庭动态跟踪调查”2010年数据,试图研究当前阶段各因素对劳动力市场性别收入差异的影响情况。为解决Oaxaca-Blinder分解法的指数基准问题,本文采用改进的Neumark分解法分解男女劳动者平均收入差异,分解结果表明,劳动力市场上3/4的性别收入差异是由人力资本和就业结构因素引起,性别歧视只能解释1/4的收入差异,说明当前阶段个体特征已经超越性别歧视成为影响性别收入差异的主要因素。进一步使用多元嵌套模型研究不同个体特征因素对性别收入差异的影响后发现,学历对性别收入差异的解释力最强,能解释收入差异可解释部分中的41%,其次是职业分类与行业分类。说明教育是缩小性别收入差异的最佳途径,行业分割与职业分割也成为阻碍收入差异缩小的壁垒,职业分割与行业分割通过影响劳动力的职业与行业获得进而影响收入。最后本文使用Mlogit模型研究了个体特征因素对男女职业和行业获得的影响,试图为国家制定政策消除职业和行业壁垒、女性劳动者树立正确择业观提供依据。基于研究结论,对政府部门提出如下建议：首先,充分保障女性接受教育的权利,包括基础阶段的义务教育以及就业中对女性的职业培训；其次,强化立法并加强监督,保障用人单位真正落实劳动法对妇女就业权利的保护,努力消除女性求职过程中的职业壁垒和行业壁垒；最后,通过电视、报纸等传统媒介和以网络为代表的新兴媒介,大力宣传男女平等、尊重妇女的观念,从而消除全社会无意识的性别歧视观念。此外,女性劳动者自身也应积极通过各种途径接受教育,增加人力资本,提高在市场的竞争力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since China’s economic reform in1979, gender earnings differential has appeared in the labor market of China with male workers having higher salary than female workers. This difference has drawn academics’attention due to its negative influence on achieving fairness and improving the efficiency of economic growth which will result in unhealthy development of economic and social. Scholars in different fields have been studying to reveal the reasons and factors of gender earning differential for many years and have already reached a consensus on the reason of the wage differential. The concept of sex discrimination which is a residual with Chinese traditional feudal culture is the main reason of gender earning differential, Whereas, there is no consistent conclusion about the main factor of gender earning differential currently. With the deepening of marketization process, the influence on gender earning differential of different factors is changing, which means studying the influence of different factors at the present exactly is the key to guarantee the government’s policy feasible.Based on modified Neumark decomposition which could eliminate bench benchmark index, this paper attempts to analyze the current situation of different factors on gender earning differential using CFPS2010. The result shows that human capital and employment structure can explain about3/4of total gender earning differential while sex discrimination can only explain1/4of total gender differential, which means personal features are the main factors of gender earning differential. After using multiple nested models to implement a further study on the impact of different personal feature on gender earning differential, we found that education background is the most influential factor which can result in about41%of explained gender earning differential while the secondary are occupational classification and industry classification. The findings suggest that education is the best way to elimination gender earning differential. Occupation segmentation and industry segmentation also prevent wage difference from reducing by affecting job obtaining. Then this paper analyze the influence of personal feature on job obtaining which will give basis for government making policy to eliminate gender earning differential and female workers making appropriate careers.According to the findings of the study, this paper then makes suggestions to governments as follows:Firstly, fully security to rights of women to receive education which includes basic education and worked related training. Secondly, strengthen legislation and supervision to guarantee female workers receive equal rights from employer and make effort to eliminate occupation segmentation and industry segmentation during job searching. Last but not the least, publicize the concept of sex equal and respectful for women via traditional media such as newspaper and new media such as TV and Internet to eliminate senseless sex discrimination. What’s more, female workers should also receive education through a variety of ways actively to gain human capital in order to enhance competitiveness in the labor market.更多还原