【作者】 王慧；

【导师】 李宗军； 张晓芹；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 食品加工与安全， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 岳阳是湖南省淡水鱼养殖、加工、销售的重点区域,近几年岳阳大手笔发展淡水鱼精深加工,据统计,岳阳现有多家淡水鱼加工厂,主要生产以鲜鱼、冻鱼及鱼肉为主要原料直接或经过腌制、熟制、干制、调味等工艺加工制成的开袋即食的鱼块和全鱼类休闲食品。随着人们日渐对食品卫生与安全问题的关注,鱼类休闲食品的安全问题在大量消费的同时,也引起了广大消费者的注意。这一食品安全问题,其存在时间之长,范围之广,影响之大是制约岳阳地区鱼类休闲食品发展的重要因素。本文采用问卷调查和抽样检验相结合的方法就岳阳地区一些大型淡水鱼养殖场以及加工鱼类休闲食品的工厂和作坊进行了实地调查,深入了解了岳阳地区鱼类休闲食品的现状,对所检验的数据进行了分析,并且总结出制约岳阳地区鱼类休闲食品健康发展的安全问题。通过此次对30家养殖场调查,笔者发现有4家养殖场水体pH值超标、11家养殖场透明度不合格、3家养殖场氨氮含量过高、4家养殖场溶解氧超标、6家养殖场总磷含量过高、28家养殖场有不同程度的重金属污染情况,其中有4家养殖场重金属富集超标。引起这些不合格情况的主要因素是水体的污染：包括工厂污水、医院污水、生活污水的排放污染,喂养饲料质量不过关以及过度投肥而导致的水体富营养化,药物滥用或超量使用,和养殖密度过大。调查过程中抽检了不同加工地生产的500份三种不同的鱼类休闲食品,笔者根据国家规定进行检验,影响产品质量的指标顺序是微生物指标>卫生指标>理化指标。其中卫生指标超标是由于滥用或超标使用食品添加剂,山梨酸及其钾盐残留量合格率相对较低,总合格率为87.4%；其次是亚硫酸盐、苯甲酸及其钠盐、糖精钠,分别为90.8%、94.4%、95.8%。微生物指标总合格率为83.4%。其中菌落总数合格率为85.2%；大肠菌群合格率为89.8%；致病菌全部合格,并分析发现在第二季度菌落总数合格率达到最低。大部分微生物指标不合格产品多为作坊的抽样品,其加工条件多不达标。本文将通过检验所得的数据进行分析并得出结果。在试验分析的基础上还借鉴国内外先进经验提出了一些相关的改进措施和对策,以促进岳阳地区鱼类休闲食品健康持续地发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yueyang is the key region of freshwater fish farming, processing, sles in Hunan province. The output of aquatic products ranked first in the province by20years. In recent years, Yueyang has developed the freshwater fish deep processing. According to statistics, now Yueyang has more than200fish processing enterprises, and then mainly produced fish snack, which use fresh or frozen fish as main raw material, through curing cooked, dried, flavouring process. As people’s living standards improve, the demands on food nutrition and health are rising ever higher, and the consciousness of health has become stronger, and then the quality of people’s food security requirements of fish is no exception. The food safety problem is important factors which restrict the development of fish snack.In order to know the Yueyang region of freshwater fish farming and processing, the author wage on questionnaire survey and sampling inspection in large Large freshwater fish farms and factories, workshops. After the probe, I understand the status of Yueyang freshwater fish farming and processing, relevant data obtained. After analyzing and comparing accordingly, the author summarizes the constraints of freshwater fish culture in Yueyang and issues of the healthy development of safety.Through this investigation, I found that4farms the pH value of water exceed the standard,11farms water transparency is not qualified,3farms have high ammonia nitrogen content,4farms the dissolved oxygen exceed the standard,6farms have high phosphorus content,28farms with heavy metal pollution in different degrees, among which there are4farms in the accumulation of heavy metal exceed the standard. The water pollution is the main factor, which including:the factory sewage, hospital sewage, domestic sewage pollution, feed quality is not good and the excessive fertilization lead to water eutrophication, drug abuse or excessive use, and the stocking density is too large.The investigation process sampled the500copies fish snack from different processing, the author inspected according to the provisions of the state, affecting sequence is microbial indicators, health indicators, physical and chemical. Abuse or exceed use of food additives affect the health indicators. Sorbic acid and potassium sorbate residue passing rate is relatively low, the total qualified rate was87.4%; followed by sulfite, benzoic acid and sodium salt, sodium saccharin, respectively90.8%,94.4%,95.8%. Microbial indicators of the total qualified rate were83.4%. The qualified rate of total bacterial count was85.2%; the qualified rate of coliform group was89.8%, bacteria are all qualified. Found that the qualified rate of total bacterial count reaches the minimum in the second quarter. The microbial indicators of substandard, because of the workshop’s processing conditions are not up to the standard.After the theoretical analysis and learning from the advanced experience of some of the relevant country, this article proposes improvement measures and strategies to promote the health of Yueyang region fish snack of sustainable development.更多还原