【作者】 周勇；

【导师】 周冀衡； 李强；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 烟草科学与工程技术， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对文山烟区适宜起垄高度进行探讨,系统研究了在文山干湿季分明的特殊生态条件下起垄高度对植烟土壤温度、水分条件、土壤理化性质的影响,研究起垄高度结合培土处理烤烟生长和产质量的影响,探讨了增加中后期钾肥施用,分次分层供钾对烟株生长和产质量的影响并分析不同垄作了措施对烤烟生产成本和经济效益的影响。研究表明：1.在前期降雨较少的情况下,降低垄体高度能显著提高根际土壤含水率,有利于缓苗和烟株的生长发育。到后期降雨增加后,经过二次培土处理,垄体加高,使得田间排水通畅,有利于烤烟的生长。2.相对于平栽来说,起垄使得施入根层的养分淋失加剧,二次培土可以减少根层土壤养分的淋失、增加烟株对氮和钾的吸收,分次和培土层分层施钾可以减少钾的淋失,提高养分的有效性。3.二次培土能提高中部烟叶单叶重,对降低烟叶含梗率有一定的影响,能提高下部烟叶和中部烟叶叶片厚度,提高各部位烟叶平衡含水率,能提高下部烟叶叶质重。在施钾量一定的情况下,增加钾肥施用次数,增加中后期钾肥供应,能显著提高中部烟叶单叶重。增加下部叶和中部叶厚度,提高各部位烟叶平衡含水率,提高下、中部烟叶叶质重,对降低烟叶含梗率有一定的影响。4.降低起垄高度可以提高烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量,降低淀粉含量,提高中上部烟叶糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比,使烟叶化学成分更加协调。5.二次培土能提高各部位烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量,提高下部叶烟碱含量,减低各部位淀粉含量,降低下部烟叶氮碱比,提高中部叶糖碱比,有提高烟叶钾氯比的趋势。在施钾量一定的情况下,增加钾肥施用次数,增加中后期钾肥供应,能提高烟叶总糖和还原糖含量,能降低淀粉含量和烟碱含量,能降低下部和中部烟叶总氮含量,能显著提高中部和上部烟叶钾含量,烟叶糖碱比,提高上部烟叶氮碱比,显著提高中上部烟叶钾氯比。6.平地栽烟一次培土每667m2比常规操作少用工2.5个,节约用工和地膜成本约165.3～170.4元,平地栽烟二次培土每667m2比常规多用工0.3个,与节约地膜成本基本相抵,而低起垄一次培土比常规每667m2节约用工0.9个工日,节约用工和地膜成本64.2～67.6元；低起垄二次培土比常规每667m2多1.9个工日,与节约地膜成本相抵后约多100.4～113.8元。7.低垄移栽比平地移栽能提高均价和产值,对提高上中等烟比例有一定的作用,二次培上对提高上中等烟比例有一定的作用,能显著提高均价和产值,在施钾总量相同的情况下,增加中后期钾肥供应可以提高均价0.53元/kg,每667m2提高产值89.15元。更多还原

【Abstract】 Suitable ridge height was studied in this paper in Wenshan. Effects of ridge height on temperature, moisture, physical and chemical properties of soil, effects of research ridge height earth on flue-cured tobacco growth, yield and quality, effects of increasing potassium fertilizer and graded layered application on tobacco growth and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, effects of different ridge measures on production costs and economic benefits have been studied. The main results are as follows:(1) In the case of low rainfall early, reduced the ridge body height could improve significantly the rhizosphere soil moisture and conducive to the growth and development of rejuvenation and tobacco plants. When increased rainfall Late, after the second treatment, the ridges are heightening which could make the drainage field and improve the growth of flue-cured tobacco.(2) When the higher ridges leaching of nitrogen and potassium were increased, secondary earth could reduce leaching of nitrogen and potassium and increase the absorption of nitrogen and potassium for tobacco plant. The graded and earth layer layered potassium could reduce potassium leaching and improve nutrient availability.(3)Secondary earth could improve the single leaf weight of middle leaves, reduce stem ratio tobacco. improve leaf thickness of the lower leaves and middle leaves, equilibrium moisture content of the tobacco, quality of lower tobacco leaf. In the case of a certain amount of potassium, frequency of increased potassium application and potassium supply in the late could improve significantly the middle leaves single leaf weight, increase the lower leaves and the thickness of the middle leaves, equilibrium moisture content of the tobacco, leaf quality of lower and middle leaves, reduce stem ratio of flue-cured tobacco.(4)Lower ridge height can increase the content of total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium of flue-cured tobacco, the ratio sugar to nicotine, the ratio total nitrogen to nicotine, the ratio potassium to chloride of the middle and upper leaves, reduce starch content, which made the chemical composition of tobacco more coordinated.(5) Secondary earth could increase the content of total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium, nicotine of lower leaves, the ratio sugar to nicotine in the middle leaves, the ratio potassium to chloride, reduce the content of starch, ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine of lower leaves. In the amount of potassium in certain circumstances, frequency of increased potassium application and potassium supply in the late could increase the content of total sugar and reducing sugar, reduce the starch content and nicotine content, the total nitrogen content of the lower and middle leaves, improve significantly potassium content of the middle and upper, the ratio sugar to nicotine, improve the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine of the upper leaves, increase significantly the ratio potassium to chloride in the upper leaves.(6) Labor of flat land planted tobacco earth was less than conventional operations to2.5, mulch the ground165.3to170.4yuan. The cost of labor of secondary earth every667square meters were more than the regular employment to0.3, low ridge once earth than conventional economical employment of0.9man-days per667square meters,64.2to67.6yuan, saving the cost of labor and mulch; low ridge secondary earth than conventional per667square meters more than1.9man-days, and save the cost of plastic film offset after about more than100.4to113.8yuan.(7) Compared flat transplanting, low ridge transplanting could increase the average price and value, to a certain extent to improve the proportion of secondary smoke. Secondary earth have had a certain role to improve the proportion of secondary smoke, could improve significantly the average price and output value. In the same amount of potassium, increase potassium supplication in the late could increase the average price of0.53yuan per667square meters increase the value of89.15yuan.更多还原