【作者】 刘燕；

【导师】 赵涛；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织化学与染整工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 当光照射到织物表面上时,一部分光在界面处直接发生反射,一部分光线进入织物内部,被织物上的染料选择性吸收,未吸收的部分则从织物内部反射或透过。这些反射光或透射光就决定了织物的颜色。如果织物吸收的光多,表面反射的光少,颜色就比较深。因此本课题利用这一原理,采用复合型低折射率树脂整理染色织物,从而减少表面反射光以达到提高织物表观深度的目的。本论文合成了一种含氟聚丙烯酸酯乳液(简称氟丙乳液),并将其分别与氨基硅油和无机纳米二氧化硅复配,对染色的棉和涤纶织物进行增深整理,均获得了很好的增深效果。研究内容主要包括如下三部分：一是采用预乳化半连续乳液聚合技术合成了甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯和丙烯酸正丁酯的共聚物,并探索了最佳合成工艺。采用甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯的目的是在聚合物中引入含氟基团,降低乳液的折射率。采用红外光谱对原料和产物进行结构表征。二是用硅烷偶联剂KH-550对纳米二氧化硅进行接枝改性,目的是降低纳米二氧化硅颗粒之间的团聚能,提高纳米二氧化硅在有机相中的分散性。采用红外光谱和扫描电镜表征接枝改性的过程和效果；第三部分主要是将合成的氟丙乳液分别与氨基硅油和改性的纳米二氧化硅进行机械混合复配,并分别将复配制得的两种增深剂对染色的棉、涤纶织物进行整理,测试整理后织物的K/S值、强力、拒水等级、色牢度等应用性能,研究浓度、焙烘温度、焙烘时间等条件对性能的影响。本论文优化的乳液聚合反应工艺条件如下：甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯与丙烯酸正丁酯按4/6的比例聚合；单体含量占水相的80%；引发剂过硫酸钾用量为单体总量的0.6%；复合乳化剂SDBS/OP-10为2：1,用量占单体总量的4%；80℃条件下反应4h。硅烷偶联剂KH-550改性纳米二氧化硅的优化工艺为：以水/乙醇质量比为1：3作为溶剂,硅烷偶联剂KH-550用量为Si02的5%,70℃反应3h,得到的改性Si02在有机相中沉降率最低。氟丙乳液与氨基硅油复配整理黑色涤纶织物,通过K/S的测定得到增深比,结果表明：当氟丙乳液用量为120g/L、氨基硅油用量为20g/L时增深比最高,增深效果最好。从增深效果和织物强力损伤两个角度考虑,总结出最佳的焙烘温度为140℃焙烘3min。氟丙乳液与改性纳米二氧化硅复配整理黑色涤纶织物,通过K/S的测定,结果表明：当氟丙乳液用量为120g/L、改性二氧化硅用量为0.4g/L时增深比最高,增深效果最好。最佳焙烘温度为14℃焙烘2min。氟丙乳液与氨基硅油复配的增深剂对涤纶的增深效果比棉织物平均高7%左右,与改性的二氧化硅复配的增深剂对涤纶的增深效果比棉织物平均高12%左右。并且两种复合增深剂均对黑色织物的增深效果比其他颜色要好。由于增深剂的侧链含氟,因此整理后织物的拒水等级可以达到4级,有较好的拒水效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 When light irradiated on the surface of the fabric, parts of the light directly reflected and other parts of the light entered into the fabric. Some of the entered light selectively absorbed by the dyes on the fabric and other unabsorbed portion reflected or passed through the fabric. The reflected light or transmitted light determines the color of the fabric. The color become deeper if the fabric absorbed more light and less light reflected from the surface. Therefore, the subject used this principle and finished the dyed fabric with the compound low-refractive index resin in order to reduce the reflected light from the surface of the fiber to get a apparent deepening effect.One kind of fluorinated polyacrylate emulsion (referred to as fluoro-acrylic emulsion) is synthesized. The emulsion was compound with the amino silicone as one kind of novel color deepening agent and compound with the inorganic nano-silica as other one. Both of the compounded color deepening agents was used to finish the dyed cotton fabric and polyester fabric which showed excellent deepening effect. The research mainly contained three parts:(a) Trifluoroethyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate was copolymerized by pre-emulsified semi-continuous emulsion technology and the optimal synthesis process was explored. The purpose of the trifluoroethyl methacrylate is to introduce a fluorine-containing group in the polymer and reduce the refractive index of the emulsion. FT-IR was used to characterize the structure of the monomers and the copolymer.(b) the nano-silica surface was modified using silane coupling reagent KH-550. The aim was to prevent the aggregates between the nano-silica and improve the dispersion in the organic phase. FT-IR and SEM was used to characterize the processes and effects of grafting.(c) mix the fluoro-acrylic emulsion with amino silicone and modified nano-silica respectively, and then finish the dyed cotton fabric and polyester fabric with the mixtures. The K/S value, breaking strength, water repellent grade, color fastness of the treated fabric were detected. The impact of concentration, curing temperature, curing time and other conditions on performance were studied.Optimum synthesis conditions:ratio of the trifluoroethyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate is4/6, the monomer accounts for80%of the water phase, the amount of potassium persulfate initiator was0.6%of the total monomer, emulsifier SDBS/OP-10=2/1, accounted for4%of monomer amount, heat preservation reaction4hours. The optimum process of the modification on the nano-silica:water/ethanol (=1/3) as solvent, the KH-550accounts for5%of the silica, heat reaction at70℃for3hours. The modified silica had the lowest sedimentation rate in the organic phase. The black polyester fabric was finished by fluoro-acrylic emulsion maxed with amino silicone, and detected the K/S value. The results showed that:the deepening effect was the best when the fluoro-acrylic emulsion concentration was120g/L and the amino silicone concentration was20g/L. the optimum curing temperature was140℃for3minutes. The black polyester fabric was finished by fluoro-acrylic emulsion maxed with the modified silica, and detected the K/S value. The results showed that:the deepening effect was the best when the fluoro-acrylic emulsion concentration was120g/L and the modified silica was0.4g/L, the optimum curing temperature was140℃for2minutes. The emulsion mixed with amino silicone had7%higher deepening effect on the polyester fabric than the cotton one. While the emulsion mixed the modified silica had12%higher deepening effect on the polyester fabric than the cotton one. The effect on the black ones was better than on the other color ones. The finished fabric had good water-repellent performance and the waterproof rating can reach4because deepening agents had fluorine-containing side chains.更多还原