【作者】 刘佳；

【导师】 杨小明；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 游艺是明末清初我国重要的思想家和天文历算家,其天文历算的代表作《天经或问》涵盖了天文历法、水文气象、天灾异象及人生性理等方面的知识,内容丰富,题材多样,具有极高的科技史料价值。但在中国思想史和中国科技史上,游艺却几乎被人遗忘,目前尚未见有关于他的专门研究论文和著作。基于此,本文拟在对《天经或问》进行全面深入的梳理和解读的基础上,对游艺的天文学思想和宇宙模型做一初探,发掘游艺这位被长期埋没的思想家和天文历算家的思想和成就,以期还原游艺在明清科学思想史、天文历算史上的地位。《天经或问》分为前集和后集两部分,是约于1675年和1681年刊行的通俗天文学著作。其研究和录入对象主要包括：天文历法、水文气象、天灾异象及人生性理。《天经或问前集》以论述天文学为主,兼论水文气象。《天经或问后集》则以论述异象和性理为主,还包含了关于中国历法发展史的讨论等。在前集的论述中,游艺全文征引,引用当时西方传教士翻译、流入中国的天文学著作；或者概括、综述其师友、前人的研究成果,并附加自己的评论、观点,对西方传入的天文学知识作了比较系统、全面、通俗的评介,同时也论述了中国传统天文历法的相关论述。《天经或问前集》在传播普及当时传入中国的西方天文学知识方面产生了极大的影响,对当时中西方天文学知识的交流与融合做出了突出的贡献。本文试图在现有研究资料的基础上对游艺的宇宙天文学思想、《天经或问》的成书背景以及意义进行介绍。关于游艺如何构建自己的宇宙天文体系、《天经或问》如何对当时中西方宇宙天文问题作出评述、汇各家之言而成一家之说,游艺的天文思想、宇宙模型、《天经或问》对当时天文学界产生的重大影响等方面有着重要的研究意义与价值,也是本文所要努力尝试的方向和目标。本文绪论部分主要介绍课题的研究背景及意义、研究内容及方法、研究的重点及创新点等。正文部分首先是对游艺与《天经或问》的概括和简述,主要介绍游艺所处的社会历史背景、生平经历、与揭暄等人的交往。其次通过比较研究的手法,通过与其同时代天文历算家的学说对比分析游艺的天文学思想,主要是阐释其岁差、左右旋等观点。再次是结合笛卡尔、朱熹等人的天文思想与宇宙模型,介绍游艺的地心宇宙模型、漩涡说等思想。文章结尾部分主要是针对游艺的宇宙天文学观点、《天经或问》的内容与价值进行综合分析、总体评价,归纳总结了游艺天文学思想的价值,揭示了游艺与《天经或问》在天文学史上的深远影响与重要地位。更多还原

【Abstract】 You Yi is important thinkers and astronomer of the seventeenth century. His masterpiece "Tian Jing Huo Wen" covers the astronomical calendar, hydrological and meteorological knowledge, vision, and natural disasters grounds on other aspects of life. Its content is very rich and diverse subject matter, with a high historical value. But in the Chinese history, You Yi is almost forgotten. At present there is no special research papers and books about him. Therefore, this article will conduct a comprehensive and thorough combing interpretation on "Tian Jing Huo Wen". The author will try to do preliminary study of the You Yi’s astronomy thought and model of the universe. Try discover the thought and achievement of You Yi, a great thinker and astronomer who has been buried for a long time. To restore his position on the history of thought and astronomy."Tian Jing Huo Wen" divided into two parts, before and after the sets. It is a popular astronomy book which published in1675and1675. It is the main object of study, including astronomical calendar, hydrometeorology, vision and life grounds on natural disasters. The before set of "Tian Jing Huo Wen" discusses-astronomy, also includes hydro meteorological. The after set of "Tian Jing Huo Wen"mainly discusses the vision and life science, also contains a discussion of the history of the development of the Chinese calendar, and so on. In the first set of discourse, he full of classical and reference the western missionaries translated, astronomy book into China. He summarized and reviewed his friends’and teachers’research results, and attached his comments. He introduced the western knowledge of astronomy, and at the same time discusses the related traditional Chinese astronomy calendar. The before set of Tian Jing Huo Wen" has a great influence in the dissemination of Western astronomy knowledge, have made outstanding contribution to the exchange and integration of astronomy knowledge at that time.According to the research data, this paper attempts to introduce You Yi’s astronomical thought, the background and significance of his book. The article also includes other elements, such as his astronomical system, his comments on the issue of astronomy, his model of the universe and so on.In this paper, the introduction part mainly introduces the research background and significance, research contents and methods, research focus and innovation points. The first part is the generalization of You Yi and his book. It mainly introduces the social and historical background, his life experience, and his communication activities. Secondly, through the comparative method, analysis of his astronomical ideas, mainly to explain his precession and left-rotation theory. Again is combined with Descartes and zhu Xi’s thinking on astronomy and the universe model, introduce his geocentric model of the universe and whirlpool theory. Finally, summaries the value of his astronomical thought, reveals the influence and the position of You Yi and his book.更多还原