【作者】 王芳；

【导师】 李多川；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 嗜盐真菌是指可以在3M至更高的盐浓度下生长，且可以在1.7M的盐浓度下经常被分离到（regulary isolated）的真菌；耐盐真菌是指在1.7M的盐浓度下只能零星分离到（sporadic isolates），但也能够耐受3M盐浓度的真菌。目前我国高盐环境下报道的耐盐真菌仅有2种，嗜盐真菌1种，与国际上已经报道80余种耐盐真菌，6种嗜盐真菌的数量有较大差距。我国是生物资源丰富的国家，嗜盐耐盐真菌的种类应该多样，但嗜盐耐盐真菌在我国却罕有报道，这与我国高度生物多样性国家的地位极不相称。系统和深入地研究我国青藏高原地区真菌资源，尤其是嗜盐和耐盐真菌的种类的鉴定，明确这一高盐环境下的真菌多样性与系统发育具有重要科学意义。在本研究中，共分离盐湖样品及土样230份，其中采样地点包括青海湖土样22份、大柴旦盐湖25份、小柴旦盐湖25份、察尔汗盐湖63份、天门山土样9份、红旗渠土样26份、张家界土样10份、延安土样7份以及青藏高原未知地区土样43份，还有近100份土样未分离。经分离鉴定，共描述嗜盐耐盐真菌36种，其中新种2个，新纪录种1个，分别为：接合菌门Zygomycota：冻土毛霉Mucor hiemalis。子囊菌门Ascomycota：阿姆斯特丹散囊菌Eurotium amstelodami、赤散囊菌Eurotium rubrum、构巢裸胞壳Emericella nidulans、洋葱石座菌Petromyces alliaceus、鸡桑轮斑头孢霉Cephalosporium zonatum、舟形毛壳Chaetomium cymbiform、纸葡萄穗霉Stachybotrys chartrum、刺葡萄穗霉Stachybotrys echinata、枝状枝孢Cladosporiumcladosporioides、九州镰孢菌Fusarium kyushuense、层出镰刀菌Fusarium proliferatum、藤黄镰刀菌Fusarium guttiforme、短柄帚霉Scopulariopsis brevicaulis、白色侧齿霉菌Engyodontium album。半知菌门Basidiomycota:富克葡萄孢盘菌Botryotinia fuckeliana、变幻青霉Penicillium variabile、产黄青霉Penicillium chrysogenum、羊毛状青霉Penicilliumlanosum、覃青霉Penicillium paxilli、黑曲霉Aspergillus niger、杂色曲霉Aspergillusversicolor黄曲霉原变种Aspergillus flavus、米曲霉Aspergillus oryzae、烟曲霉Aspergillus fumigatus、焦曲霉Aspergillus ustus、具瘤节格孢Scytalidium verrucaria、臭牡丹链格孢Alternaria clerodendri、细极链格孢Alternaria tenuissima、小柴旦链格孢Alternaria parvaqaidamensis、青海单格孢Monodictys qinghaiensis、阿尔山单格孢Monodictys aershanensis、垣孢埃里格孢Embellisia chlamydospora、倒卵形细基格孢Ulocladium obovoideum、黑色附球菌Epicoccum nigrum。在分离的36种嗜盐耐盐真菌中，小柴旦链格孢Alternaria parvaqaidamensis和青海单格孢Monodictys qinghaiensis为新种；白色侧齿霉菌Engyodontium album为中国新纪录种。它们具有与本属内其他种明显不同的分生孢子形态、分生孢子梗的形态特征也明显不一致。再者，本菌种的土壤样品采自青藏高原地区，具有显著的特殊性。我国尚未对青藏高原盐湖盐碱湖等高盐环境真菌资源进行分类及多样性的系统研究，本项目对我国青藏高原地区真菌尤其是嗜盐耐盐真菌种类、分布和多样性进行系统深入的研究，具有重要科学价值。本研究在形态学分类的基础上，对所分离鉴定的36种耐盐真菌进行了5.8S rDNA-ITS序列分子系统学研究，构建系统进化树，分析各种间的亲缘关系。经过分析发现，序列同属不同种间的相似性明显大于属间相似性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fungi that can grow in vitro at3M salt concentrations (aw0.85) and that areregularly isolated from global environments at salinities above1.7M have been characterizedas halophilic (Gunde-Cimerman et al.2005), whereas the sporadic isolates that can grow invitro at3M NaCl are considered as halotolerant. Reports at present in China, in the high saltenvironment halotolerant fungi only2kinds and1kind of halophilic fungal, but it hasreported more than80kinds of salt-tolerant fungi in the world,6kinds of halophilic fungalpopulations. It has larger gap. Our country is rich in biological resources and halophilic salt-tolerant fungi species should be diverse, but halophilic salt-tolerant fungi are rarely reportedin China, this is unbecoming with our country’s position as a country of high biodiversity. Ithas very important significance to system and indepth study of qinghai-tibet plateau fungiresources in China, especially the halophilic species identification and clear salt-tolerant fungi,fungi diversity and the high salt environment system development.In this study, we had separated230soil samples, including qinghai lake10, QingHaiLake12, DaChaiDan25, XiaoChaiDan25, ChaErHan19, ChaErHan salt lake44, TianMenMountain9, HongQiqu26, ZhangJiaJie10, YanAn7and Qinghai-tibet Plateau43. There arenearly100soil samples without separation. During the separation and identification, Idescribe halophilic and halotolerant fungi36species, including2new species,1new recordspecies, respectively.During36kinds of halophilic and halotolerant fungi, Zygomycota had1, such as Mucorhiemalis. Ascomycota15, such as Eurotium amstelodami, Eurotium rubrum, Emericellanidulans, Petromyces alliaceus, Cephalosporium zonatum, Chaetomium cymbiform,Stachybotrys chartrum, Stachybotrys echinata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusariumkyushuense, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium guttiforme, Epicoccum nigrum, Scopulariopsisbrevicaulis, Engyodontium album. Basidiomycota20, such as Botryotinia fuckeliana,Penicillium variabile, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium lanosum, Penicillium paxilli,Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillusfumigates, Aspergillus ustus, Scytalidium verrucaria, Alternaria clerodendri, Alternariatenuissima, Alternaria parvaqaidamensis, Monodictys qinghaiensis, Monodictys aershanensis,Embellisia chlamydospora, Ulocladium obovoideum, Epicoccum nigrum.Alternaria parvaqaidamensis and Monodictys qinghaiensis are new species;Engyodontium album is new record species. They are obviously different from other kinds ofconidium morphology and conidium morphology. Moreover, this strain of soil samples, collected from the qinghai-tibet plateau, have the remarkable particularity. In our country, ithas not yet been to do research of the diversity and classification to qinghai-tibet plateauenvironment such as salt salt lake salt lake fungi resources system. It has important scientificvalue for the project of fungi in qinghai-tibet plateau, especially halophilic and halotolerantfungi species’s distribution and diversity system indepth study.On the basis of morphological classification, it dose reserach of5.8S rDNA sequence-ITS molecular systematics for36kinds of salt-tolerant fungi, constructing phylogenetic trees,analysis of genetic relationship. The sequences of5.8S rDNA-ITS were more similar amongdifferent specieses in the same genus than among different genuses.更多还原