【作者】 王洋；

【导师】 贾利民；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 智能交通工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 城市轨道交通是解决当前城市交通拥堵问题的重要城市交通方式之一,因其容量大、快速、准时等优点,承载着越来越多的客运量。城市轨道交通处于地下半封闭空间,乘客可自由移动空间相对较小。一旦发生突发事件,很难在安全时间内将乘客疏散到安全区域,还可能导致大面积的人员伤亡。为确保城市轨道交通的正常运营和乘客安全,如何制定有效的应急处置方案引导疏散客流到达安全区域成为需要重点解决的问题。本文首先分析影响城市轨道交通车站内部应急疏散过程的各类因素。然后划分站内疏散设施类别,描述车站内部网络化结构,定义车站内部有效疏散路径,提出基于图遍历的深度有效疏散路径搜索方法,形成有效疏散路径集合。其次描述应急条件下的城市轨道交通车站内部客流状态及乘客行为特征,划分自由流状态和拥挤流状态。通过实地观测和视频观测分析,得到自由流下设施内的速度-客流率拟合曲线及关系方程式。再次研究车站内部疏散客流分配问题。利用客流博弈分配方法对站内客流进行客流分配,得到站内疏散客流分配结果。确定应急处置点和应急处置触发条件,制定应急处置规则,形成完整的应急处置方案。最后选取北京复兴门车站作为研究对象,建立车站内部网络化结构,搜索有效疏散路径集合,利用客流博弈分配方法进行客流博弈分配,根据得到的疏散客流分配结果,制定各仿真场景的应急疏散方案,采用Anylogic仿真软件对采取应急疏散方案前后的疏散效果进行仿真验证,证明论文提出的基于客流分配的应急疏散方案制定方法是切实可行的,可作为制定乘客疏散方案的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban mass transit is considered to be one of the important forms of transportation to solve the congestion in metropolis. With its advantages of large capacity, fast speed and high punctuality, more and more commuters choose rail transit system as their travel means. Subway stations are public gathering places with dense passenger flows, especially during rush hours, important holidays and events. Learned from the previous accidents, the magnitude of injuries and casualties will be overwhelmingly disastrous, the safety and security in rail transit system operation have been comprehensively concerned. In addition, it is well known that a subway station is an underground traffic space, so there is not much available space for passengers to move around freely. It is difficult to evacuate passengers to safe places. Therefore, enough attentions should be paid on pedestrian crowds’ evacuation in subway stations.First, influence factors on emergency evacuation in urban rail transit stations are analyzed. Second, the subway facilities are classified by the passengers’ travel behaviors and stations’internal structures are described as network structure by graph theory method. The efficient evacuation paths are explicitly defined and the algorithm of searching efficient evacuation paths is established with the graph traverse algorithm.Second, based on the passenger flow statuses and pedestrian behavior characteristics in urban rail transit stations are described, free flow and congested flow are distinguished. The fit curve and equation of speed-passenger flow volume under free flow situation are obtained through filed survey and video data process during rush hours in typical stationsThen, the research emphasis is the passenger flow assignment in urban rail transit stations. The results of passenger flow assignment are got with the algorithm of passenger flow assignment based on game theory. According to the results, the trigger indicators of emergency disposals are calculated. On basis of the emergency disposal points and disposal rules, a complete set of emergency evacuation schedule can be generated.Finally, Fuxingmen station in Beijing is selected as the studying object. Its network structure is built and the set of effective evacuation paths is searched. According to the result of passenger flow assignment, the emergency evacuation schedules of each simulation scenario are generated. The method of emergency evacuation schedule generation is verified through the contrast results by simulation software Anylogic. And the results declare high practicable value of these emergency evacuation schedules.更多还原