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布罗代尔长时段理论观照下的阿提卡

The Application of Braudel’s Long Duration Theory

【作者】 王杨

【导师】 毕会成;

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 , 世界史, 2013, 硕士

【副题名】雅典僭政的历史地理学分析

【摘要】 以雅典党争为基础建立起来的庇西特拉图僭主政治在雅典的城邦政治发展史中占有重要的地位。梭伦立法对氏族土地所有制的维护与克里斯提尼对氏族土地所有制的彻底破坏,这两者之间,全靠庇西特拉图的僭主政治承上启下的过渡。本文结合布罗代尔的长时段理论,从历史地理学入手来研究庇西特拉图时代的党争。在公元前11世纪到公元前6世纪,不同地域环境下的居民,他们各自的发展情况及利益诉求各有不同。庇西特拉图在平原派、山地派和海岸派之间产生利益冲突时,通过经济上的协调和对城邦公共事务的建设缓和了矛盾,扩大了城邦的政治基础并增加了城邦的凝聚力。在萨拉米斯湾正式归属于雅典之后,结合山区经济的特点,庇西特拉图与海岸派联手发展了由梭伦扶持起来的橄榄种植业,使山区居民可以从橄榄种植中获得经济收益,从而有能力利用梭伦立法中的等级划分标准来提升其在城邦中的政治地位。同时,庇西特拉图又利用劳里昂的银矿发行猫头鹰-雅典娜银币,通过巩固雅典居民对雅典娜的信仰,正式确立了雅典娜为雅典的城邦神,猫头鹰为雅典城邦的城徽,强化了雅典公民对城邦的认同感。本文共分三个部分:第一部分:说明并解释布罗代尔的长时段理论与庇西特拉图时代的结合点,强调地理结构对希腊古史的重要意义。第二部分:具体介绍阿提卡地区的三种地貌环境与阿提卡历史的关系,说明在庇西特拉图执政之前,三种地貌下的居民的生存与发展情况。第三部分:首先介绍由梭伦的立法所引发的雅典内部矛盾,然后分析庇西特拉图是如何通过海外贸易的发展与猫头鹰-雅典娜银币的发行来实现山地居民与海岸居民的利益,并限制了贵族的政治影响。

【Abstract】 Pesistratus,the tyrant of Athens,who occupied a connectional and transitionalposition between Solon and Cleisthenes. At the age of Pesistratus, thepartisanship of Athens on the base of the resident who live in different regionalenvironment was emerging.In the author’s opinion,in order to comprehend theinterest struggle between the hill-men,the plain-men and the coast-men,thetheory of long duration will be needed.Braudel,the author of The MediterraneanWorld thought that the long duration theory was depended on geographicalstructure and the mountain paly a most important role in the history ofMediterranean. The pillar planting industry in the mountainous area ofMediterranean is olive.As the leader of the hill-men,Pesistratus cooperatedwith the shone-men.Since Athens has taken the jurisdiction of Salamic bay,the hill-men and the shone-men have a chance to developed the sale of olive oilthrough overseas trade.At the same time,Owl-Athena silver coin was issued inabundance.The issue of the Owl-Athena silver coin not only meet the need ofcoins but also solidify the sense of identity in polis.As a polis god ofAthens,Athena shielded the whole citizen in Athens,and taken place the identityof aristocrat.More specifically,the thesis consists of three chapters:Chapter Ⅰ Expound the theory applied by this article:the long duration theoryof Braudel.Chapter Ⅱ Introduce the geographical structure of Attica and the history ofthe inhabitant in different regional environment.Chapter Ⅲ Discusses the ways that Pesistratus used to settle the fight amongthree parties by enlarging the overseas oil trade and establishing the identityin Attica.

  • 【分类号】K125
  • 【下载频次】331
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