【作者】 刘丽丽；

【导师】 宋显忠；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 法律， 2013， 硕士

【副题名】行政合同对于形成和落实我国基层管理目标的作用

【摘要】 民主法治进程的加快使得权利逐渐成为市场经济思考的主流价值之一，同时为了适应经济体制改革的成果，政府职能也正发生着相应转变，行政色彩不断淡化，更加倾向于协商机制的引入，公共政策承托的政府治理目标在协商中更加具体、明晰，推动政府行政治理目标任务完成更有效率、效果也更好。由于我国幅员辽阔，各地特点各有不同。传统的“上行下达”式的行政治理模式，使得政策执行过程往往呈现硬性贯彻状态，会使政策落实存在一些障碍，实际效果并不好。在中国现有治理结构下，特别是农村实行选举制度后，通过协商来落实政策，实现乡村自治，更加符合实际，使得政策目标执行的积极性、主动性和创造性不断加强，适应了大集权化体制向多元化市场经济迈进的需要。行政合同在基层管理目标政治“转向”中，具有独特的优点——协商。1行政合同的独特性在于将协商以合同方式融进行政治理中，将权利框架内的协商作为行政治理的一种方式，以独特的优势使我国的基层管理目标能够得到更好的、更符合时代发展需要的方式实现。本文着意在两个方面进行诠释：一方面，实现“新认知”。基层管理目标制定后，关键是落实。本文力图在法律路径中找到一条有效落实的法律途径，开拓一条更加切实有效的认知新路。另一方面，进行“新实践”。这种模式实践领域已经进行了一些有益尝试，只不过它是零星的、初步的、不成体系的，通过实践可以看出通过行政合同的优势和长处，有力促进了基层管理目标的实现，进而明确了形成一个完备、规范、广泛应用的实践模式的价值所在。本文正文共分为三个部分。从当前中央政府行政职能转变、建立服务型政府入手，通过分析中国政府传统管理体制的困境，观察吉林省及其他地方的实践探索，引入行政合同通过协商进行治理的可能。第一部分具体分析在基层治理过程中适用行政合同的可行性，通过阐释行政合同在解决现行政府管理体制难以解决的问题时所具有独特的优点，重点分析了行政合同结构上优势，揭示出协商手段是行政合同实现基层治理目标的核心环节。第二部分借鉴法德英美等国经验，结合我国在基层的实践探索，创设我国行政合同在基层治理适用过程中的协商程序，辅以运行中的保障机制使充分协商得以实现，推动政府现行管理体制对协商的关注。第三部分具体分析目前行政合同纠纷的救济现状，通过行政救济制度和司法救济制度的健全，对救济渠道进一步加以完善。推动基层管理目标有效实现已越来越受到各界重视，实践中也在探索着各种方法。以行政合同手段通过协商进行治理，虽然在理论界未见更多深入研究，但在实践中已有应用。历史证明，对社会发展推动作用极大的理论很多都是从实践产生的，通过自下而上、再自上而下的方式得到发展和应用，以期这样的一种探索和尝试，能够为我国基层管理目标实现提供一种创新性的有益探索，使各项好的公共政策都能得以落实，以真正实现促进经济社会发展和人民生活改善之目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the acceleration of the nation’s democratic and legal construction, rightsgradually become one of the dominant values in the market economy; at the sametime, in order to adapt to the achievements of the reform in economic structure,government functions are also going through corresponding transformation, forwhich administrative factor is continuously diminishing and the introduction ofconsultation mechanism is more acceptable, which will lead to more specific anddistinctive objectives for the governance of government and promote the completionof these objectives in a more efficient way.China has a vast territory, and all areas are different in types and characteristics.The traditional type of administration model, namely the top-bottom pattern, causesa state of rigid implementation, and there will be some obstacles during theimplementation of policies and the results in practice are not good. Under the currentstructure of governance in China, especially after the electoral system is put intopractice in countryside, it is more realistic to implement policies and realizeself-governance in countryside through the way of consultation, which will enhancethe motivation, initiative and creativity for the implementation of policy objectivesas well as the adaptation to the needs for the step forward from a highly centralizedsystem to a diversified market economy. Administrative contract has a uniqueadvantage, namely consultation, in the political “transformation” of grass-rootsmanagement objectives. The uniqueness of administrative contract is that theconsultation is embedded into administrative governance in the way of contract,making consultation within the relevant frameworks of rights a way ofadministrative governance and making the objectives for grass-roots management tobe realized in a better way which fits the development of the times better.In this thesis, explanation is made particularly in two aspects: on the one hand,it is the realization of “new cognition”. The key point is implementation after theformulation of grass-roots management objectives. In this thesis, effort is made in finding an effective legal approach for the implementation and exploring a neweffective way of cognition. On the other hand, it is the implementation of “newpractice”. This model has gone through some useful attempts in practice, but theywere sporadic, elementary and immethodical, and advantages and disadvantages ofadministrative contract can be found out in practice, which effectively promotes therealization of objectives of grass-roots management and defines the values informulating a complete, standard and widely-used practice pattern.This thesis can be divided into three parts. Through the transformation ofadministrative functions of the central government, the establishment of aservice-oriented government, the analysis on the predicaments in the traditionalmanagement system of Chinese government and the observation of the practice inJilin Province and other regions, the possibility of governance through consultationin the way of administrative contract is introduced. In the first part, a concreteanalysis on the feasibility of administrative contract which will be used in theprocess of grass-roots governance is made; through explaining the unique advantageof administrative contract in dealing with problems that are very difficult to solve incurrent government management system, structural advantages of administrativecontract are analyzed and then consultation, as the core of administrative contractwhich can realize the objectives of grass-roots management, is revealed. In thesecond part, experience from France, Germany, England and America is learnt forestablishing a consultation procedure for the application of administrative contract ingrass-roots governance, which may lead to the government paying more attention toconsultation with a safeguard mechanism as supplement in realizing consultation. Inthe third part, the current situation of remedy for conflicts related to administrativecontract is analyzed; channels for remedy will be more completed through theimprovement in system of administrative remedy and legal remedy.The realization of grass-roots management objectives in an effective way hasdrawn increasing attention from all sectors of society and various methods have beenexplored in practice. As for governance through the way of administrative contract, ithasn’t been investigated much in theoretical circle, but it has been used in practice. Itis proved in history that many theories promoting social development to a large degree originate from practice; it is hoped that such exploration and attempt, throughthe development and application from bottom to top and then from top to bottom,can provide a creative and beneficial exploration, which enables the implementationof various good public policies, and the purpose of improving economic and socialdevelopment as well as the people’s life can be realized.更多还原