【作者】 彭洁；

【导师】 袁兴中；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 环境工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国污水厂的大量建成,污水处理行业的迅速发展,污泥的处理、处置问题基本没有妥善的解决,其环境污染问题日益突出。由于建设低碳经济社会的兴起,污水厂污泥这种城市固体废物,其碳排放和减排潜力将发挥重要影响。因此,了解和减少污水污泥处置过程的温室气体排放是有必要的。关注污泥处置过程温室气体排放的比较的意义,一方面可以在污泥处置过程减少其它由于能源的利用导致的污染物的排放,另外一方面可以促使人们进行新能源、清洁能源的开发。第三就是促进世界经济向绿色经济和持续可发展的经济形势方面转变。城市污水污泥的处置过程是一个包含物质变化和能量转化两个方面的综合过程,它涉及处置之前的热干化过程,以及后期主流处置过程。在这整个过程中存在化学动力学、生化化学和热力学等现象,会产生一系列的温室气体排放,比如C02, N20和CH4。此过程的选择与优化具有节能减排的研究对象的基本特点。建立与传统能源指标相类似的指标是构造污水污泥处置温室气体排放比较分析方法体系的重要步骤。本文通过对市政污水处理之后的污泥成分的分析,得出污泥必须要经过热干化处理的方式,当污泥特性进行一定程度的改变后,达到减少污泥的体积,消灭其中的病菌和微生物虫卵的结果。热干化后的污泥根据不同的处置方法,温室气体的排放结果也不尽相同。污水污泥的含能水平以及整个系统能量的构成,对温室气体排放开展研究是最基础的工作。本研究针对我国现在主流的城市污水污泥处置方法：填埋,焚烧,堆肥。用IPCC中推荐的方法和缺省值,对从热干化到主流处置过程中产生的温室气体的直接排放、间接排放和替代排放做了计算和分析。填埋过程计算排放的温室气体有CH4,焚烧过程计算排放的有温室气体C02和N20,堆肥过程计算的排放的有温室气体C02和N20,最终比较的结果都折算成C02的排放。结果表明：污泥填埋、焚烧、堆肥所产生的CO2的净排放量分别为675.866kgCO2/t、430.562kgCO2/t、494.152kgCO2/t。从排放的角度分析,得出焚烧是相对好的处置方式。由于考虑了堆肥以后的有机肥利用,从减排以及污泥资源化的角度分析,得出堆肥是相对好的污泥处置方式。在此基础上,研究对污泥温室气体排放与减排的影响因素进行进一步分析,提出相应的应对措施。同时,以湖南省为例,计算湖南省城市污泥厂污泥的温室气体排放量,同时基于温室气体减排的情景,分析湖南省2015年、2020年的城市污水厂污泥的温室气体排放量与减排量,研究提出湖南省城市污水厂污泥温室气体处理处置的管理策略的相关建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with our country sewage factory built in great quantities, the rapid development of the sewage treatment,Sludge treatment and disposal problems not properly resolved, the pollution of the environment problem increasingly prominent. Due to the rise of the construction of low carbon economy and society, sewage sludge with this kind of urban solid waste, its carbon emissions and the emission reduction potential will play an important influence. Therefore, understanding and reduce the sewage sludge disposal process of greenhouse gas emissions is necessary. Focus on sludge disposal process in greenhouse gas emissions is the meaning of, on the one hand, can be in sludge disposal process to reduce other pollutants due to the use of energy, on the other hand can be prompted for the development of new energy and clean energy. The third is to promote the world economy to a green economy and sustainable development of the economy in transition.Urban sewage sludge disposal process is a contains material change and energy conversion of the two aspects of the comprehensive process, it involves before disposal of thermal drying process, and later the mainstream disposal process. In the whole exist in the process of chemical kinetics, biochemical chemistry and thermodynamics wait for a phenomenon, will produce a series of greenhouse gas emissions, such as CO2and N2O and CH4. The process of selection and optimization of energy saving and emission reduction is the object of study of the basic characteristics. Establishment and traditional energy index similar indicators are structure sewage sludge disposal greenhouse gas emissions comparative analysis method system important steps.This article through to municipal sewage treatment after the sludge composition analysis and comparison of the municipal sludge must after thermal drying treatment, the sludge characteristics of a certain degree of change, to reduce the volume of sludge, eliminate the bacteria and the results of microbial eggs. Thermal drying after the sludge disposal methods according to different, greenhouse gas emissions result is endless also and same. Sewage sludge containing can level and the whole system of energy structure, research on greenhouse gas emissions is the most fundamental of the work.At the present time, sanitary landfills, incineration and composting were the main disposal methods of sewage sludge. The discharge amount of greenhouse gases exhausted during disposing process was calculated and analyzed with the method and default value recommended by the IPCC model. The emitting ways of involving greenhouse gases included direct discharge, indirect discharge and alternative emission. CH4was the gas considered during landfills process. And for the incineration and composting process, CO2and N2O are involved. The emission of CH4and N2O was converted to that of CO2.The net emissions of CO2during sanitary landfills, incineration and composting processed were695.847kgCO2/t、443.643kgCO2/t.511.817kgCO2/t, respectively. Organic fertilizer obtained from sewage sludge composting can be reutilized. Therefore, composting may be a promising technology for sewage sludge disposal in view of carbon emission reduction and resource utilization.On this basis, the research on the influence factors of sludge in greenhouse gas emissions and emissions for further analysis, put forward the corresponding countermeasures. At the same time, in hunan province as an example, the calculation of hunan urban sludge sludge with greenhouse gas emissions, based on greenhouse gas emissions scenarios at the same time, analysis of hunan province in2015,2020, the city sewage plant sludge and reductions of greenhouse gas emissions, to study and put forward hunan urban sewage plant sludge greenhouse gas disposal management policy Suggestions.更多还原