【作者】 张玲；

【导师】 王扬；

【作者基本信息】 湖北大学 ， 世界史， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以前人研究为基础,以国家利益和地缘政治为视角,以美国中央情报局和国务院解密档案为依据,从美国扶持索摩查上台,放任索摩查家族权力的膨胀和割舍索摩查家族导致索摩查王朝的倒台三个方面,梳理这一时期美国对尼加拉瓜的政策,揭示美国在这一地区的战略部署和利益诉求。本文由绪言、正文、结论组成。绪言介绍了目前国内外学术界对本课题的研究现状,并概述了本课题选题的依据、完成的可行性以及选题意义。正文有三部分：第一部分,主要叙述了美国扶持老索摩查上台。美国逐渐向尼加拉瓜渗透,最终控制了尼加拉瓜,帮助索摩查镇压桑地诺运动,控制尼加拉瓜唯一的的军事力量——国民警卫队,然后又帮助索摩查在1937年的大选中登上尼加拉瓜总统的宝座,并且为了巩固索摩查的政权出兵帮助其平定内乱。第二部分,主要叙述了美国放纵索摩查家族权力的膨胀。以民主、人权标榜的美国无视索摩查搞军政一体化,对索摩查暗杀竞选对手查莫罗不做深究,对1972年大地震后索摩查令人发指的贪污腐化坐视不理。第三部分,主要叙述了美国放弃索摩查导致索摩查王朝的倒台。70年代末,美国处于劣势,同时美国对尼加拉瓜的政策与美国标榜的人权外交相违背。当尼加拉瓜国内革命形势愈演愈烈时美国无暇东顾,只能牺牲索摩查家族以保全自身的利益,默许桑解阵势力上台,终结了索摩查王朝。结论部分,美国在索摩查家族统治时期对尼加拉瓜的政策,从表面上看前后政策截然相反,但实际上却有着内在的一致性,都体现了美国“国家利益至上”的原则,坚决打压有悖于美国价值观的政权势力,对美国和尼加拉瓜都产生了深远的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of previous research results, with the principle of national interest and geopolitics, based on decrypt files of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and the State Department. This paper combines the policy with United States to Nicaragua from American help Somoza to be the president of Nicaragua,indulgence the expansion of Somoza family’s rights,to the fall of Somoza Dynasty.So as to reveal the strategic deployment and pursue in this region.This paper consists of introduction,body and conclusion.The introduction introduces the academic research on this subject at home and abroad at present,and provides an overview of the subject topics bases on,the feasibility of completing and the meaning of selection.The body is divided into three parts:The first part describes how the United States helped Old Somoza to be Nicaragua’s president,and summarizes that in the years before1937, the United States invaded Nicaragua and controlled it at last.It helped Somoza repress the movement of Sandinista,controlled the only army National Guard,and then helped Somoza win the election of1937.They helped put down civil unrest in order to consolidate the Somoza regime.The second part particularly elaborates how the United States indulgenced the expansion of Somoza family’s rights.The United States highlighted democracy and human rights,but ignored the military and political integration of Somoza, and indulgenced that Somoza assassinated Chamorro and his corruption after earthquake of1972.The third part analyzes how the United States gave up Somoza and led to the fall of Somoza. At the end of cold war,the United States at a disadvantage,at the same time,the policy in Nicaragua is contrary to the foreign policy of United States. When the revolutionary situation in Nicaragua is growing, the United States had to give up Somoza to preserve their own interests.The conclusion reveals how United States puts it interest first in the policy to Nicaragua. It purpose is to pursuit the world hegemony.It had a significant impact on both Nicaragua and United States.更多还原