【作者】 徐超；

【导师】 周腊吾；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 电气工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 水电是一种清洁无污染、储量极为丰富的可再生能源，水力发电是利用自然可再生能源最重要的形式。我国技术相对比较落后，加之目前水力发电的成本一直居高不下，制约了我国水力发电发展。一方面是由于水力发电机组系统的设计水平不高，另一方面是因为水力发电多为小型机组，发电效率低。而如何使水轮机组大型化，提高发电效率成为了国内外专家一直为之努力的关键问题。本文针对的水轮发电机组关键部件的有限元分析，在保证了机组的安全运行的前提条件下，为水力发电机组的大型化提过了有力支撑，对提高发电效率具有积极意义。主要工作归纳如下：首先，广泛查阅国内外相关文献资料，了解水力发电的发展概况和最新成果，简单介绍了ANSYS软件的结构功能；其次，阐述了两种不同型式的水轮发电机组，特别针对立式水轮发电机组的结构特点进行了详细的描述，介绍了其主要参数，并且对负荷上机架总负荷和单个支臂进行了受力分析。其次，针对卧式机组的主要参数、组成部分、关键部件转子的结构特点以及转子的受力进行了说明。再次，鉴于水轮发电机负荷上机架承受高载荷的特点，为了保证运行时的安全性，采用ANSYS壳体单元对上机架进行刚度有限元分析。分析过程中充分模拟并体现了整体和局部的受力特性，计算得出了竖直方向和径向刚度，且具有较高的计算精度。分析结果表明，该结构达到了设计要求。最后，针对出口越南的某卧式水轮发电机组，简要介绍了其转子部分的外形尺寸和结构特点。机组单机容量大（额定功率为6750kW、额定转速为1000r/min），通过对机组额定与飞逸工况下，发电机转子横截面、磁极压板、阻尼环应力分析以及轴系振动分析的实例，介绍了Pro/E模型的导入以及有限元分析方法，最后对计算结果进行分析总结。分析过程中实现了Pro/E建模和ANSYS的仿真相互集成，通过软件各自的优势完成了模型建立和有限元分析。分析结果表明其结构达到了设计要求，与传统计算方法相比，其精度更能满足工程要求，且效率高。并且利用此方法可以预测结构受力危险面，提前做好预防处理。为机组的安全运行和大型化提供了前提条件，进而提高水轮发电机发电效率和电能质量，并保证其稳定性运行。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hydropower is a clean pollution-free，reserves is extremely rich in renewableenergy，hydropower is the most important form of use of natural renewable energy.Wind power development relatively late in our country，the technology is relativelybackward，and combined with the current hydroelectric power has been high cost，restricted the hydropower development in China.On the one hand is due to the designof hydraulic generator set system level is not high， on the other hand becausehydroelectric power for small units，power generation efficiency is low. And how tomake large-scale turbine units，improve the efficiency of power generation has becomethe domestic and foreign experts have been for the efforts of the key problems.In this paper the finite element analysis of key components of hydroelectricgenerating set，the premise condition to ensure the safe operation of the unit，thehydraulic generator set for large-scale mentioned the strong support，have positivesignificance to improve the efficiency of power generation.The main work summarizedas follows.First， broad access to domestic and foreign related literature，understanding hydroelectric development situation and the latest results， the finiteelement analysis of hydro-generator units were summarized，and simply introduces thestructure and function of the ANSYS software.Secondly，detailed elaborated the twodifferent types of hydroelectric generating set，particularly in view of the verticalhydro-generator units on the frame structure characteristics are described in detail，introduces its main parameters，and frame the total load on the load and a single armforce analysis，secondly in horizontal units， part of the main parameters，key partsstructure characteristics of the rotor and the stress of the rotor. For subsequent chaptersof the realization of the simulation study provides the most basic theoretical support，to ensure the validity of the subsequent simulation in the process of applying loadvalues.Thirdly，In view of the characteristic of enduring high load of Hydro-generatorupper bracket，this paper use shell elements of ANSYS for finite element stiffnessanalysis of upper bracket in order to guarantee the safety of the operation. In analysisprocess，the stress characteristics of the overall and local are fully simulated andembodied， the vertical direction and radial stiffness are calculated， and thecomputational accuracy is higher.The results show that this structure reaches thedesign requirements.Compared with the traditional calculation method，this method improves work efficiency and saves time，its precision can more satisfy engineeringdemand.Finally，According to a horizontal hydraulic turbine-generator unit exported toVietnam， this paper briefly introduces the overall size and structure characteristics ofthe rotor part. The unit single capacity is large (rated power of6750kW， rated speedof1000r/min).The methods of establishing Pro/E model and analyzing finite elementare presented through the example of stress analysis of generator rotor cross sectionunder condition of rated and runaway speed，and computed results are analyzed andsummarized.In analysis process， the Pro/E modeling integrating with ANSYSsimulation are realized，model establishment and finite element analysis are finishedby the software. The results show that the structures of main shaft and magnetic polesreach the design requirements. Compared with the traditional calculation method，itsprecision can more satisfy engineering demand，and the efficiency is high. This methodcan provide guidance for the related product design.更多还原