【作者】 刘娟；

【导师】 李廷玉；

【作者基本信息】 重庆医科大学 ， 儿科学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 维生索A（vitaminA,VA）是人体最重要的微量营养素之一，在维持上皮细胞完整性，调节视觉、免疫、生殖功能和胚胎生长发育方面发挥着重要作用。维生素A缺乏(vitamin A deficiency,VAD）已成为公共卫生问题，小孩及孕妇为易感人群。母孕期及生后早期VAD可造成子代生长发育障碍，引发各种先天畸形。在脑发育方面，VAD可导致胚胎后脑缺失、脊索背腹轴（D-V轴）轴向异常，胎儿脑积水、无脑等畸形，可损伤学习、记忆及认知等功能。近年来研究表明，VA及其活性代谢产物视黄酸（retinoic acid,RA）与脑形态、功能发育密切相关，在控制神经分化、神经管调控模式，维持突触可塑性等方面有着重要作用。这种作用是通过复杂的信号通路，调控靶基因表达而实现的。基础实验表明维生素A干预（vitaminAintervention,VAI）可以改善VAD所致脑损害。本文就维生素A及其活性代谢产物在脑发育中的作用、相关机制及干预方面的研究进展作一综述。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vitamin A is one of the most important micronutrients. It hasnumberous important functions including a role in maintenance of epithelialsurfaces, regulation of vision, immune competence, reproduction andembryonic growth and development.The disease of vitamin A deficiency isa public health problem.The susceptible population of VAD are childrenand pregnant women.VAD during pregnancy and early stage of postnatalperiod can contribute to the growth and development disorders inoffsprings,which result in different congenital malformations. As for braindevelopment,VAD lead to congenital malformations, including loss ofmetencephalon,the abnormity in pattering of the axis of the dosal-ventralnotochord in embryo, hydrocephalus, anencephaly in fetus, etc.VAD alsodamage the learning, memory and cognitive functions, etc. Recentresearches indicate that vitamin A and its active derivatives RA have a closerelationship with morphological and functional development in brain,which regulates genes controlling neuronal differentiation, pattering of theaxis of the neural tube and synaptic plasticity by complex signaling pathway.Animal experiments show that vitamin A intervention can improve the injury of brain caused by VAD.This paper summarized the progressiveresearches about the effects on brain development vitamin A and its activederivatives make, the probable related mechanism and the improvement onintervention.更多还原