【作者】 张玲；

【导师】 王向红；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 农产品加工及贮藏工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 盐生植物（halophytes）是一种逆境植物，它们生活在被盐碱化的土壤中，在浅水水域、海滨、盐湖、盐湖滨、海水、荒漠、草甸都有盐生植物生长。我国盐生植物资源丰富，但其开发利用相对薄弱。那么，明确滨海地区盐生物的营养成分含量及其在不同生长期的变化规律，对于盐生植物的进一步综合开发利用有重要意义。本研究对河北滨海地区比较有代表性的三种盐生植物（白刺、碱蓬、黄菜）的主要营养成分、黄酮类化合物进行了分析，对白刺果实的水溶性多糖的单糖组成进行了分析测定，并对果实提取物中原花青素含量及提取物的体外抗氧化活性进行了研究。此外，还对黄菜籽和碱蓬籽中的脂肪酸成分及相对含量进行了分析研究。从河北滨海地区选取具有代表性的三种盐生植物（白刺、碱蓬、黄菜），对其进行脂肪、蛋白质、矿质元素、总黄酮、总糖、还原糖、B族维生素等十六项营养指标的测定。实验结果表明：三种盐生植物在粗脂肪、粗纤维、总糖、Vc、B族维生素、矿质元素等成分含量上存在一定的差异，并且，同一盐生植物在不同生长期营养成分含量也不同，某些成分含量的变化存在一定的规律。建立了HPLC法测定黄酮类化合物含量的方法，采用超声法提取盐生植物叶片的黄酮，黄酮提取物经真空冷冻干燥后用4.0M HC1水解成黄酮苷元，选取比较常见的几种黄酮进行HPLC测定，确定白刺、黄菜、碱蓬三种盐生植物不同生长期叶片中槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素、儿茶素、没食子酸的含量，找出其变化规律。实验结果表明：白刺中各黄酮类化合物含量均在花期达到最高；黄菜和碱蓬中槲皮素，异鼠李素在花期达到最高含量，山奈酚和儿茶素含量萌芽期最高。用GC/MS法对黄菜和碱蓬籽中脂肪酸进行研究，以正己烷-乙醇-水三元双液相浸提的方法提取黄菜和碱蓬籽中的油脂，并利用GC/MS分析油脂中脂肪酸成分。结果表明碱蓬籽油中饱和脂肪酸棕榈油酸相对含量0.11%，不饱和脂肪酸含量达到90%以上，其中油酸含量13.17%，亚油酸73.10%，亚麻酸3.48%，DHA0.99%。黄菜籽油中饱和脂肪酸棕榈油酸相对含量27.35%，不饱和脂肪酸中油酸含量8.69%，亚油酸24.77%，亚麻酸1.78%，花生四烯酸2.32%，EPA1.75%。以1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮为衍生剂，20mmol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.7)-乙腈(83∶17)为流动相，采用柱前衍生HPLC法对白刺果实多糖中的单糖组成进行研究。多糖用三氟乙酸水解后与1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮反应，生成具有紫外吸收的物质，对其进行HPLC分析，确定白刺果实中水溶性多糖的单糖组成及摩尔比。试验结果表明：白刺果实水溶性多糖由葡萄糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸、甘露糖六种单糖组成，单糖组成比例为甘露糖：鼠李糖：半乳糖醛酸：葡萄糖：半乳糖：阿拉伯糖=9.2:3.3:1.1:1:1.9:2.3。用70%乙醇提取白刺果粉中的醇溶性物质，通过两种体外抗氧化试验对提取物进行活性研究，并测定了提取液中原花青素的浓度。结果表明：白刺果实乙醇提取物DPPH自由基清除率达到88.4%，清除率较高，总还原力测定的吸光值为0.467，吸光值较大，还原力较强。以原花青素标准品为对照品，采用比色法测定白刺果粉提取物的原花青素浓度为0.208mg/mL。本研究选取具有代表性的白刺、碱蓬、黄菜三种盐生植物作为研究对象，对其基本营养成分进行分析比较；建立了测定黄酮类化合物的高效液相色谱方法，对不同生长期黄酮含量进行分析，并将其含量进行比较，研究发现：同一植物不同生长期的含量存在一定差异，不同植物之间黄酮的含量也存在差异；用乙醇提取白刺果中的醇溶性物质，测定了原花青素含量，并通过体外抗氧化实验，验证了白刺果实提取物的抗氧化活性；采用柱前衍生HPLC法研究白刺果实多糖中单糖组成，确定果实中水溶性多糖的单糖组成及其摩尔比；采用溶剂法提取黄菜和碱蓬籽中的油脂，并利用GC/MS分析油脂中脂肪酸成分，这些研究为盐生植物综合利用及保健和药用价值的挖掘提供了数据基础及技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Halophyte (halophytes) is a kind of plant stress, they live in saline-alkali soil, inshallow water, beach, Saline Lake, lake, sea, desert, salt meadow are halophytic plantgrowth. China’s salt plant is rich in resources, but the development and utilization ofrelatively weak. Then, clear coastal salt biological nutrient content and its variation indifferent growth period, in favor of Halophytes in the further development and utilization.This study compared the three kinds of salt representative plants of Hebei Binhai area(Nitraria tangutorum Bobr, Herba Suaedae Glaucae Suaeda glauc, Saline Seepweed), themain nutritional components of flavonoids were analyzed, Nitraria tangutorum Bobr fruitsoluble monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide were analyzed and determined, andantioxidant activity in vitro of the proanthocyanidins content and extract fruit extract werestudied. In addition, the study also analyzed the fatty acid composition and the relativecontent o Saline Seepweed seed and Herba Suaedae Glaucae Suaeda glauc seeds.Selected three kinds of salt of representative plants from Hebei coastal area,determination of sixteen nutritional index of fat, protein, mineral elements, total flavonoids,total sugar, reducing sugar, vitamin B on it. The experimental results show that: fourHalophytes in crude fat, crude fiber, total sugar, Vc, B vitamins and other components existcertain differences, and, with a Halophytes in different growth period were different, thereare some rules changes of some components.A method for the determination of flavonoid contents HPLC, extraction of Flavonoidsfrom halophyte leaves and other parts of the body by ultrasonic method, flavonoids extractby vacuum freeze drying with4M HC1is hydrolyzed into flavonoid aglycone, HPLCdetermination, determination of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr, the two color sealavander herb,Saline Seepweed, Herba Suaedae Glaucae Suaeda glauc, four species of halophyte Suaedasalsa quercetin, kaempferol, different isorhamnetin, catechins, gallic acid content in theleaves of long-term, find the change rule, and the content of the leaves and flowering twocolor sealavander herb roots, stems, flowers, catechin and gallic acid content comparison.The experimental results show that: Nitraria tangutorum Bobr flavonoids content in theflowering peak; quercetin Saline Seepweed and Herba Suaedae Glaucae Suaeda glauc,kaempferol and reached the highest content at anthesis, the highest kaempferol andcatechin content sprout period.With the GC/MS to study the fatty acid Saline Seepweed and Herba Suaedae Glaucae Suaeda glauc seeds extract, Saline Seepweed and Herba Suaedae Glaucae Suaeda glaucseeds oil by means of hexane and ethanol-water three yuan double liquid phase extraction,and the use of GC/MS analysis of the fatty acid composition of fat. The results show thatthe relative content of saturated fatty acids0.11%palm oil Herba Suaedae Glaucae Suaedaglauc seed oil, unsaturated fatty acid content reached more than90%, of which13.17%oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid73.10%,3.48%, DHA0.99%.27.35%the relativecontent of saturated fatty acids in the seed oil of palm oil and Saline Seepweed unsaturatedfatty acid content of8.69%oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid24.77%,1.78%, fourarachidonic acid2.32%, EPA1.75%.1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone derivative agent,20mmol/l phosphate buffer (pH6.7)-acetonitrile (83∶17) as the mobile phase, with pre-column derivatization HPLCmethod of monosaccharide Nitraria tangutorum Bobr fruit polysaccharide composed ofresearch. The polysaccharides of three trifluoroacetic acid hydrolysis reactionand1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, generated with the ultraviolet absorption material, theHPLC analysis, to determine the monosaccharide composition and molar ratio of watersoluble polysaccharide from the fruit. The test results show that: the fruit of water solublepolysaccharide is composed of glucose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, Arabia galacturonicacid, mannose six monosaccharide composition, monosaccharide composition ratio ofmannose: rhamnose: galacturonic acid glucose: galactose: Arabia sugar=9.2:3.3:1.1:1:1.9:2.3.Extraction of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr fruit powder of alcohol soluble substance with70%ethanol, the in vitro antioxidative activity of the extract test, concentration andextraction of proanthocyanidins determination. The results show that: the fruit of ethanolextract of DPPH radical scavenging rate of88.4%, higher clearance rate, the determinationof total reducing power of light absorption value is0.467, the absorbance value of large,strong reducing power. Proanthocyanidin standard as the control, using the colorimetricdetermination of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr fruit extract proanthocyanidin concentration is0.208mg/mL.This study selected representative Nitraria tangutorum Bobr, the two colorsealavander herb, Herba Suaedae Glaucae Suaeda glauc, Saline Seepweed four halophytesas the research object, analyzing and comparing the basic nutritional components;established a high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of flavonoidsmethod, carries on the analysis to the content of flavonoids in different growth period, andcompares, for the study found: the content differences exist in the same plant in differentgrowth period, the content of flavonoids are different between different plants; ethanol isused for extracting the fruit of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr in alcohol soluble substance,proanthocyanidin content is determined, and through the antioxidant experiment in vitro,verify the antioxidant activity of fruit extracts by HPLC; research fruit of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides in the pre-column derivatization, determine themonosaccharide composition and molar ratio of fruit water soluble polysaccharide;extraction of Saline Seepweed and Herba Suaedae Glaucae Suaeda glauc seed oil bysolvent method, and using GC/MS analysis of fatty acid composition in the oil, providesthe data basis and technical support for mining these graduate comprehensive use of plantsand health and medicinal value of salt.更多还原