【作者】 王梅；

【导师】 蒋文灿；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 兽医， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 鸭流感是人禽共患的A类传染病,传播速度快,发病率和死亡率高,可感染人,威胁人类健康。鸭被认为是禽流感病毒的巨大储存库,在禽流感病毒由野生水禽传播到陆生禽类的过程中充当了中间媒介作用。中国的养鸭量占世界养鸭量的比重最大,而四川是全国最大的养鸭省份,且处于候鸟全球两条主要迁徙路线上。对四川鸭流感抗体水平监测具有重要意义。鸭流感防控中,疫苗免疫室关键措施之一,对鸭流感的免疫研究虽有较多进展,但生产上无明确统一的免疫程序；生产禽流感疫苗厂家较多；首免日龄、免疫次数没有明确的标准。本试验意在对四川地区养殖场鸭流感免疫程序调查和抗体水平监测,为鸭流感免疫程序的完善提供资料,有效防控四川地区鸭的禽流感。本试验对四川省四川中部的成都、北部的德阳和绵阳、东部的遂宁、南部的眉山和乐山、西部的雅安五个地区的部分养鸭场鸭流感免疫程序调查,采用血凝抑制试验测定抗体水平,调查并比较不同厂家疫苗、不同首免日龄、不同免疫次数下的鸭流感抗体效价和免疫合格率。结果：种鸭流感平均抗体滴度7.0log2,合格率93.7%。商品鸭流感平均抗体滴度4.0log2,合格率59.4%。首免日龄1-6d的商品鸭,抗体滴度2.8log2,合格率38.0%,7日龄后免疫的商品鸭,抗体滴度无明显差异,均能达到有效保护作用。种鸭首免日龄均在7d及其以上,合格率78.3%-100.0%,抗体效价5.5～8.3log2。种鸭首免日龄均在7d及其以上,免疫效果较好,合格率在78.3%-100.0%之间,抗体效价在5.5-8.3log2之间。其中7-8d免疫效果最高,其次是9-10日龄。商品鸭0次免疫的抗体效价低于1.7log2,合格率低于24%；一次免疫抗体效价4.1～5.1log2,合格率64.2-66.7%,二次免疫抗体效价7.4log2,合格率97.4%。四川养鸭场所用的疫苗有9家,免疫后抗体效价和合格率排名前4的均为A、B、D、I。54家养殖场中,免疫H5疫苗的45家,免疫H9疫苗的25家,H9疫苗的免疫密度明显低于H5。种鸭免疫效果优于商品鸭,H5的免疫密度高于H9。种鸭与商品鸭的最佳首免日龄为7-10日龄。商品鸭出栏日龄小于40天,适宜1次免疫,出栏日龄大于40天,适宜2次免疫；种鸭免疫次数应为2次及2次以上。调查的9家禽流感疫苗生产厂中,8家合格,1家不合格。更多还原

【Abstract】 Duck influenza is a human avian influenza type of A infectious disease. It has fast spread and high morbidity and mortality. It can infect humans and threaten human health. Duck avian influenza virus is considered to be a huge repository of avian influenza viruses from wild waterfowl spreading to terrestrial poultry in the process and act as an intermed-iary role.China’s duck volume accounts for the largest proportion of the world. Sichuan province has the most numbers of ducks. Sichuan is in the global two major migratory bird migratory route, which for Sichuan duck influenza antibody levels is important.During the duck influenza prevention and control, vaccination is one of the key me-asures.Although more progress, the production is no clear and unified immunization pro-gram; bird flu vaccine manufacturers produce more; first free age, immune times no clear standard. This test is intended to survey duck farms in Sichuan region of influenza immun-ization program and monitor antibody levels, in order to improve the duck influenza imm-unization program to provide information on effective prevention and control of avian influenza in Sichuan duck.This test of Sichuan province in the central of Chengdu, in northest Deyang and Mianyang, southeast Suining, Meishan, and Leshan, Ya’an in western five regions part of the duck farm duck influenza immunization survey programs, it was investigated by HI test measures antibodies level to investigate and compare different manufacturers vaccines, different first free days, under different number of duck influenza immunization antibody titers and immune yield. Results:The mean antibody titer of influenza ducks was7.0log2, the passing rate was93.7%. Average commodity ducks influenza antibody titer was4.0log2, the passing rate of59.4%. First free age1～6days of goods ducks, antibody titer was2.8log2, the passing rate of38.0%,7-day-old ducks were immunized goods, no significant difference in antibody titers, can achieve effective protection. First free day-old ducks were7days and above, with a pass rate of78.3%to100.0%, the antibody titer was5.5～8.3log2. First free day-old ducks in7days and above all, better immunity, with passing rate of 78.3%to100.0%, and the antibody titer between5.5～8.3log2.7～8days immune effects were highest, followed by nine to10days. Goods Ducks without immunization antibody titers less than1.7log2, pass rate of less than24%; once antibody titers were4.1～5.1log2,64.2～66.7%pass rate, the secondary antibody titer was7.4log2, pass rate of97.4%. Sich-uan duck farm used vaccine9, antibody titers after immunization and the passing rate of the top4are A, B, D, I.54farms,45immune H5vaccine, immunization vaccine25H9, H9vaccine density was significantly lower than H5.Immune ducks are better than immune merchandise ducks, H5immune density is greater than H9. The best immune duck and duck products first free age is7to10days. Merchandise duck slaughter age less than40days, suitable one immunization, slaughter age greater than40days, suitable for two immunizations; duck immunization should be2times and or more. Investigation of nine bird flu vaccine production plants, eight qualified, unqualified one.更多还原