【作者】 刘丹；

【导师】 王艳文；

【作者基本信息】 燕山大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 海明威，美国记者和作家，被认为是20世纪最著名的小说家之一。他的代表作有《老人与海》、《永别了，武器》、《丧钟为谁而鸣》等。凭借《老人与海》获得了1953年普利策奖及1954年诺贝尔文学奖。他的写作风格以简洁著称，对美国文学及二十世纪文学的发展有深远的影响。他提出著名的“冰山”理论，认为作者只应描写“冰山”露出水面的部分，水下的部分应该通过文本的提示让读者去想像补充。所以他的作品的深刻内涵值得解读。《永别了，武器》中小说的主人公亨利是个美国青年，他自愿来到意大利战场参战。在负伤期间，他爱上了英籍女护士凯瑟琳。最后因为战争期间颠沛流离的生活，凯瑟琳死于难产，婴儿也窒息而亡，亨利一个人被孤独的留在世界上，悲痛欲绝。小说在战争的背景下描写了他们之间的爱情，深刻地指出了他们的幸福和爱情被战争推向了毁灭的深渊。原型批评是二十世纪五、六十年代流行于西方的一个十分重要的批评流派。加拿大学者弗莱在《批评的剖析》中系统阐述了该理论。它注重研究文学传统，认为文学是移位的神话,试图发现文学作品中反复出现的各种意象、叙事结构、人物类型和主题，找出它们的规律。《永别了，武器》中出现了很多对动物的描写，比如马和燕子。本文主要运用了原型批评中关于象征的理论，结合文本,解读动物原型的象征意义，以及对整部小说的作用。采用了文本细读、定性分析和定量分析的方法。通过从童话、寓言等相关文学作品中追溯这两种动物原型历来在文学作品中的象征意义，作者发现小说中对这两种动物的描写起到了烘托主题的作用。马以及马车是主人公在战争中颠沛流离生活的写照。而燕子则是美好生活的象征，他们为了未来而努力挣扎，似乎平静的生活就在眼前可是最后还是失败了。透过这两种动物我们可以了解到战争给人们带来的巨大灾难，从这一新的视角了解海明威的反战主题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hemingway, an American journalist and writer, is considered to be one of the mostfamous novelists in the world. He had many representative works such as The Old Manand the Sea, A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell tolls. With The Old Man and TheSea he won the Pulitzer Prize in1953and the Nobel Prize for literature in1954. Hiswriting style was characterized by applying concise wording, which had a profoundimpact on the development of American literature and the20thcentury literature. He putforward the famous "Iceberg Principle" and maintained that writers should only depictthe part above the water and leave the underwater part to the readers to interpret. Hisworks was worth interpreting. In A Farewell to Arms the hero was Henry who was anAmerican youth and participated in the war in Italy. During his injury he fell in love withCatherine, a British nurse. Due to the turbulent life in the wartime, Catherine died in thechildbirth and the baby also died. Finally Henry was alone and hopeless in the world. Thenovel depicted their love during the wartime. It is the war that destroyed their happinessand love.Archetypal criticism was an important critical school, which was popular in thefifties and sixties of20thcentury. Canadian scholar Frye elaborated this theorysystemically in Anatomy of Criticism. This theory stressed the importance of literatureconvention and argued that literature was the displacement of myth. In addition, it tried tofind out the rules of the recurred images, narrative structures, character types and themesin literature. There were many animal images in A Farewell to Arms such as horses andswallows. This thesis mainly applied the theory about symbol in archetypal criticism onthe analysis of the archetypal meaning of animal images. The methods of close reading,qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis were applied. By tracing the symbolic meaningof those animal images to fairy tales, fables and other related literary works, the author found that the writing about those animal images had thematic importance. The horse, thecarriage had become a symbol of their turbulent life during the wartime. Swallows wasthe symbol of beautiful life which they fought for. It seemed that the peaceful life was athand, but they failed in the end. From those two animals we could see the disaster causedby the war and learn about Hemingway’s anti-war theme.更多还原