【作者】 刘捷；

【导师】 徐顺清；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 公共卫生， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：淮河流域部分地区癌症高发，原因不明，复杂多变的外暴露环境导致病因探索举步维艰，根据已有研究筛选出的当地特征污染物，开展内暴露监测与效应指标监测以掌握主要特征污染物在人群中的内暴露水平，可以为评价特征污染物对当地居民造成的健康风险提供科学依据，为当地环境污染治理指明方向。方法：采取对比研究的方法，在监测试点地区境内选择1个对照区和4个监测区，采集当地常住居民晨尿样品，分别对尿样中的重金属、1-羟基芘、亚硝胺、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷的含量进行监测分析，其中，重金属检测采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法，1-羟基芘检测采用超高效液相色谱-质谱法，亚硝胺检测采用气相色谱-质谱法，8-羟基脱氧鸟苷检测采用高效液相色谱-电化学法。结果：八种监测重金属在尿样中均有检出，4个监测区居民尿中铬和铅的含量均明显低于对照区，2个监测区尿中铍显著高于对照区；1-羟基芘在监测区与对照区间无明显差异，但其检测浓度明显高于我国普通居民水平；八种挥发性亚硝胺在尿样中均有检出，4个监测区尿中总亚硝胺水平均显著高于对照区；1个监测区尿样中8-羟基脱氧鸟苷明显低于对照区，其余无显著性差异，且5个监测地区检出的8-羟基脱氧鸟苷水平明显高于我国普通居民；尿样中重金属铬、铅浓度与当地居民消化道癌症死亡率呈负相关关系，硒与人体遗传损伤效应指标存在显著负相关关系；尿总亚硝胺含量与当地居民总癌症死亡率以及消化道癌症死亡率显著正相关。结论：尿样中高1-羟基芘浓度说明当地居民多环芳烃暴露水平较高，存在健康风险；尿总亚硝胺含量与当地居民癌症死亡率显著正相关，提示监测地区癌症高发可能与亚硝胺类物质有关；尿样高8-羟基脱氧鸟苷水平说明监测地区人群所受遗传损伤强度较高，存在潜在健康威胁，元素Se对此可能具有保护作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective：It was still unexplained of the high incidence of cancer in parts of Huaihe Riverbasin. While the complex exposure to environmental factors, it was too difficult to explorethe etiology of cancer. According to those local typical pollutants which have been screenedby research, Carrying out monitoring of internal exposure and effect indicators would helpto capture the internal exposure levels of the main typical pollutants of people, which couldprovide a scientific basis for the evaluation of health risks caused by typical pollutants forlocal residents and specify direction of local environmental pollution control.Methods：On the basis of comparative study methods, a control area and four monitoringareas were selected in the territory of pilot region. Samples were the morning urine of localordinarily residents, of which the heavy metals,1-hydroxypyrene, nitrosamines and8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine would be monitored and tested respectively. Among them, theheavy metal detection used Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectometry while1-hydroxypyrene was detected by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-MassSpectometry, nitrosamines were detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry while8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine detection used High Performance LiquidChromatography-Electrochemical method. Results： All of the eight kinds of monitoring heavy metals were detected in the urinesamples. The chromium and lead levels in urine of the four monitoring areas weresignificantly lower than the control area while the beryllium in urine of two monitoringzones was significantly higher than the control area.1-hydroxypyrene levels in urine had nosignificant difference in the monitoring areas and control range, but its concentration wassignificantly higher than the level of the general population. Eight kinds of volatilenitrosamines were all detected in the urine samples and the total urinary nitrosamines levelsof the four monitoring areas were significantly higher than the control area. The8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in urine of one monitoring zones was significantly lower than the controlarea and the rest monitoring zones had no significant difference compared with the controlgroup. Meanwhile, the concentration of8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine in the five regions wassignificantly higher than that of the general population. The concentrations of chromiumand lead in urine were inversely correlated with the gastrointestinal cancer mortality oflocal residents while selenium was significantly negatively correlated with human damageindicators. The urinary total nitrosamine content was significantly positively correlatedwith the total cancer mortality and gastrointestinal cancer mortality of local residents.Conclusions：The high concentration of1-OHP in urine stated that there was a health riskfor local people caused by the high exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Urinarytotal nitrosamine content was significantly positively correlated with the cancer mortality oflocal residents, which suggested that the high incidence of cancer in monitoring regionmight be related to the exposure of nitrosamines substances. The high concentration of8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine indicated that local residents suffered a high intensity of geneticdamage, which suggested that there was a potential health threat for local people, andwhich the selenium might have a protective effect for.更多还原