【作者】 潘琼；

【导师】 毛承雄； 陆继明；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 电气工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 转速和功角是电力系统中关乎电力系统稳定性的两个重要参量，对他们的在线监测具有重要意义。各大电网的互联以及远距离、大容量输电在提高电力系统运行经济性的同时，使得运行点更加靠近稳定极限，整个互联系统的安全稳定裕度变小，对整个电力系统的规划和运行而言，也增加了不安全因素和不确定性。因此，电力系统对转速和功角的测量精度和实时性也需要提升到一个更高的水平。同时，随着水力发电在整个能源结构中所占的比例越来越大，作用越来越明显，对水轮机运行状态的实时监测也越来越受到人们的重视。但是由于水轮机自身结构的特点，使得水轮机转速和功角的快速、准确测量较之汽轮机的转速和功角测量有更大的难度，不得不对其进行单独考虑。本文设计研制出了一种能直接测量并实时跟踪、显示水轮机转速和功角的仪器。具体地说，就是提出一种优化的转速、功角测量算法，将算法运用于水轮机功角、转速的直接测量中，并且通过硬件和软件平台将其实现，研制出水轮机转速功角测量仪，并且加以试验验证。本文首先提出了普通转速测量方法的不足，并针对此设计出了两种精确测量转速的方法，即转速测量算法一和转速测量算法二，并且进行计算分析和验证，在理论上证明出这两个算法的优越性。继而，通过本文的分析，转速的准确测量是功角精确测量的基础，故将设计的转速测量算法一和转速测量算法二分别运用于功角的直接测量中去。在此转速功角测量算法的基础上，本文将理论运用于实践，搭建硬件平台将以上转速、功角的优化算法实现。在本文中，搭建了以单片机及其最小系统为核心，以信号输入模块、开关量输入模块、信号输出模块、开关量输出模块、显示模块等为辅助的硬件平台。在硬件平台的基础上，本文以汇编语言为工具搭建软件平台，对设计出的转速、功角测量算法一和转速、功角测量算法二进行编程，与硬件平台相配合，实现对信号的采集、定时、中断处理，以及对所得数据的做相应的计算，实现转速和功角的实时测量和显示，实现了有较高精确度的功角转速测量仪。最后，本文将设计出的转速功角测量仪，进行动态模拟试验，验证其功角、转速的良好测量性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rotating speed and power angle are two important parameters to the power system’sstability, whose on-line monitoring is of great significance. The interconnection of each bigpower grid as well as long-distance and large-capacity power transmission is pushing thepower system to run close to the stability-limited point while improving the economics ofpower system, which makes the stability margin of the interconnected system smaller andadds to the uncertainty and insecurity of the power system’s planning and operation. Themeasuring accuracy and real-time nature of rotating speed and power angle of the powersystem, therefore, also need to ascend to a higher level. At the same time, the real-timemonitoring of the turbine’s running status is getting more and more attention along with thehydroelectric power’s proportion of the whole energy structure is becoming more and morebig as well as the effect becoming more and more obvious. However, as a result of thedifficult characteristic of the water turbine’s structure itself, rapid and accurate measurementof the turbine’s speed and power angle are more difficult compared with the measurement ofthe turbine’s speed and power angle, which has to be considered separately.THSI paper has designed and developed a direct measuring instrument of turbine’srotating speed and power angle which can measure and display with a real-time tracking.Specifically, this paper is to put forward an optimization of measurement algorithm ofturbine’s rotating speed and power angle, use the algorithm into turbine’s directmeasurement of rotating speed and power angle, and achieve its implementation through thehardware and software platform with an experimental verification. At first, this paper putforward the deficiency of the normal rotational speed measuring method, according to whichdesigned out the two accurate measurement method, namely the measurement algorithm1ofrotating speed and the measurement algorithm2of rotating speed and proved the superiorityof the two algorithms by calculation and analysis. Because the accurate measurement of therotating speed is the basis of the accurate measurement the power angle through the analysisof this paper, the two designed rotating speed measurement algorithm are respectivelyapplied to the direct measurement of power angle. THSI article applies theory to practice bybuilding hardware platform based on the optimization algorithm of rotating speed and powerangle. In this article, hardware platform is built up by the single-chip microcomputer and its minimum system as the core, together with the signal input module, the switch input module,the signal output module, the switch output module, the display module and so on forauxiliary. On the basis of the hardware platform, this paper built its software platform withassembly language by programming the optimization algorithm of rotating speed and powerangle to match with the hardware platform and make the implementation of the signal’sacquisition, the timer, the interrupt processing, the corresponding calculation of the obtaineddata to achieve the measuring and displaying with a real-time tracking speed and highaccuracy. Finally, this paper connected the instrument to the turbine to do some dynamicsimulation experiment, and verify its measuring performance.更多还原