【作者】 徐涛；

【导师】 廖利；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市建设和社会经济的高速发展，居民生活水平不断提高，城市生活垃圾产生量也迅速增加，垃圾处理问题已经成为影响城市社会发展的重要难题。而生活垃圾中厨余垃圾总量的40%⁶0%，目前厨余垃圾大都与其他垃圾混合填埋或焚烧处理，不仅对生活垃圾处理设施产生巨大压力，也是资源与能源的浪费。生命周期评价（LCA）作为目前产品或环境管理环境影响评价最科学的方法，日益受到人们的重视与青睐，将生命周期评价应用到厨余垃圾处理中，不仅可以全面分析和评估厨余垃圾整个处理过程的环境影响，而且可以为管理决策部门制定相关政策提供可靠依据。本论文在研究生命周期评价理论和厨余垃圾处理技术的基础上，系统的研究了厨余垃圾管理生命周期评价，初步建立了评价模型。并将模型应用与深圳市垃圾分类试点，系统分析了深圳市垃圾分类试点厨余垃圾处理六种模式的环境影响负荷。厨余垃圾六种模式的总环境影响潜值分别为：模式一填埋处理6.12×10^-1、模式二焚烧处理8.39×10^-2、模式三压榨综合处理2.71×10^-2、模式四集中堆肥2.57×10^-2、模式五家庭堆肥6.19×10^-2、模式六粉碎直排1.11×10^-2。其中模式一和二的处理对象为生活垃圾，其余四种对象为厨余垃圾。模式一和模式二的环境影响明显高于其他，说明由于人们主动参与垃圾分类过程，垃圾分类后，其处理过程的造成环境影响明显低于未分类的混合垃圾，人类主动参与垃圾分类活动能够降低垃圾处理产生的环境污染。在论文假设条件下，模式六粉碎直排的的环境影响最低，说明将固体废弃物转换为废水处理会降低一定的环境影响；同时厌氧消化和集中式堆肥等生物处理工艺环境影响较低，可作为未来厨余垃圾综合处理的方式。同时，通过敏感性分析可知，厨余垃圾处理的环境污染影响中，CH₄、CO₂和NO_x^-的影响最高，因此针对处理工艺进污染控制时应优先考虑控制CH₄、CO₂和NO_x^-，其次应控制SO_x、VOC和COD等污染物质，而二恶英和铅等重金属对厨余垃圾的处理产生的环境影响较小。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of social economy and the improvement of livingstandards, the amount of solid waste generation increasing continuously has become a bigchallenge for the local authorities. Since the percentage weight of organic waste is about40%to60%, dealing with organic waste is of great concern. In this paper, life cycleassessment （LCA） was used for assessing the environmental impacts of organic waste indifferent scenarios encountered in real-world applications. Using LCA in food wastedisposal can not only do a comprehensive analysis and assessment of food wasteenvironmental impact of the entire process, and can provide a reliable basis formanagement decision-making departments.On the basis of the study of LCA theory and food waste disposal technology, thispaper study food waste management LCA systematically, and establish an evaluationmodel. And use this model in Shenzhen waste separation pilot. The results of theevaluation of six modes of food waste disposal is6.13×10^-1,8.39×10^-2,2.71×10^-2,2.57×10^-2,6.19×10^-2,1.11×10^-2in environmental impact potential. The results shows scene1has the highest environmental impact potential, scene2’s value is second, in line withthe international mainstream research. The environmental impact of scene1and scene2ishigher than others, indicating that owing to participating of people in waste separation,environmental impac of waste disposal will reduce. In this paper, scene6has the lowestenvironmental impact, indicating that conversion of solid waste to wastewater treatmentwill reduce the environmental impact. And the environmental impact of anaerobicdigestion and composting is low.Moreover, environmental impact of food waste disposal is related to many factors.The most important factors are CH₄, CO₂and NO_x^-, and these pollutants should be controlin the first place in food waste disposal.更多还原