【作者】 王宇；

【导师】 张智慧； 高迅；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 项目管理（专业学位）， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 进入二十一世纪，能源短缺已越来越成为困扰我国社会经济发展的关键性问题。在我国社会总能耗中，建筑运行能耗占很大比重，如按建筑全生命周期的能耗进行考虑，该比例甚至接近50%。在各类建筑中，公共建筑又因为用能设备众多，单位面积的能耗量远远高于其它类型的建筑，而引起了更多的关注。目前我国关于公共建筑运行阶段能耗的研究很多，但全生命周期能耗的研究相对较少，依据设计方案在建筑施工前进行该建筑全生命周期能耗的统计与分析则更为少见。现有研究主要针对政府办公楼、商场、写字楼、星级酒店等公共建筑的运行能耗，但关于大型综合性体育场馆的能耗研究并不多见，因此有必要展开这方面的能耗分析与评价工作。本论文从设计方案出发，以即将开工的实际工程为研究对象，进行全生命周期能耗的统计分析。全文内容主要围绕建筑全生命周期各阶段能耗的计算与设计方案节能性评价展开。以生命周期评价理论为基础，将建筑物全生命期分为建材准备、施工、运行、拆除、处置及回收5个阶段，针对这5个阶段逐一提出了能耗的计算方法与节能措施，对已有研究资料的相关数据进行辩证分析，其后进行了有选择的使用，最后对被评建筑各阶段的能耗情况进行了模拟计算，并结合计算结果对设计方案提出了节能优化建议。研究结果显示，运行阶段能耗在全生命期内所占比例最高，达到75.6%，此阶段节能潜力巨大。与此同时，材料准备阶段的能耗也不容忽视，如在前期做好设计方案优化与使用需求进一步明确等工作，不但可以节省大量建筑主材，节约可观的材料物化能，还可以为该工程的业主方节省大量的建设资金，带来可观的经济效益。分析表明，该设计方案在建筑全生命期各阶段还有进一步节能的空间，在此基础上提出了对设计方案的改进性建议，优化了设计方案，也为今后类似工程的业主方的相关建设管理工作提供了经验依据。论文所采用的方法与结论也可为今后类似评估与相关政策制定工作提供借鉴与参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Energy shortage has become an increasingly threatening problem to curb thedevelopment of China’s social economic development in the21st century. Constructionenergy consumption occupies a large part of China’s overall energy consumption, theproportion of which even reaches up to50%if the overall lifecycle energy consumptionis taken into consideration. Among construction projects, large public facilites drawmore attention due to their numerous energy-consuming products and higher per-unitconsumption rate. Though there have been many studies on the building energyconsumption of large public facilities in China, studies on overall lifecycle energyconsumption are few. And even fewer studies have been carried out on an analysis andevaluation of a building’s overall lifecycle energy consumption based on the projectdesign before the actual construction process. Present studies tend to focus on theenergy consumption of such public facilities as government buildings, shopping malls,office buildings and star-rated hotels. But few are on that of large-scale comprehensivestadiums. Therefore it is necessary to carry out studies on such fields.This thesis aimes at an analysis, based on its project design, of the overalllifecycle energy consumption of a building before its actual construction process. Thewhole thesis focues on how to calculate and assess the energy consumption and thedesigned energy-saving solutions in different stages of the building’s overall lifecycle.Based on the LCA theory, the overall lifecycle is divided into five stages, namely,preparation, construction, usage, demolishment and recycling. This thesis provides foreach of the five stages a way to calculate the energy consumption and energy-savingsolutions at the same time of selectively using past literature, simulates the energyconsumption process of the evaluated building project at different stages and comes upwith advice to optimize the energy-saving solutions in the project design.The research indicates that the usage stage consumes the most energy of theoverall lifecycle, reaching as much as75.6%. There is great potential for saving energyin this stage. Besides, the energy consumption in the preparation stage should not beoverlooked. If work is done to optimize the energy-saving solutions, large amount ofconstruction materials can be saved, together with considerable material embodied energy and construction fund for the investors, thus bringing in considerable economicbenefit. According to the analysis, there is still room for improvement in the five stagesof the project’s overall lifecycle energy consumption. Based on this, correctivesolutions are put forward to optimize the project design and to provide an experimentalbasis for later-on projects with similar construction management. The methods andconclusions of this thesis can also provide reference for future assessment andpolicy-making processes in related areas.更多还原