【作者】 道日娜；

【导师】 孟克其劳；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古工业大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 2012年4月，科技部发布的《风力发电科技发展“十二五”专项规划》中提到，我国风电行业基础研究类重点方向为，推动风电机组和风电场设计技术的发展与完善，解决基于我国气候条件的风能资源基础理论研究和风力发电系统基础理论研究等关键科学问题；“专项规划”中也明确指出风力发电系统基础理论的重点研究任务，任务包括研究风电机组建模、验证与仿真理论和方法，研究建立风力发电系统整体动态数学模型的方法。永磁直驱风力发电机相比传统的双馈风力发电机具有损耗小、运行效率高、维护成本低等优点而备受关注，而且永磁直驱风力机已开始大批量投入使用，因此掌握其运行特点并提高风电机组的风能捕获效率已成为风电行业的主要研究课题。本文在对永磁直驱风力机的动态性能等有了初步的了解及分析的基础上，首先采用机理建模的方法建立数学模型，在Matlab/Simulink运行环境下对整个风力发电机组搭建了仿真模型，包括风速模型、风机模型、永磁同步发电机模型。其中，风速模型提出一种实现自然风的方法，依据某风电场的风资源评估报告所给出的风频分布曲线，以瑞利分布规律随机配置各种风速信号，搭建了自然风速仿真模拟模型，使不同风速随机分配的同时覆盖切入风速到切出风速范围，并在某个时间段内出现的风速概率分布符合瑞利分布；在控制过程中为了解决永磁同步发电机数学模型在进行建模时一些复杂不易实现的情况，使用了坐标变换的方法对其进行简化，以达到对永磁风力发电机的控制效果。其次在机组处于低于额定风速运行状态条件下，本课题主要研究了最大功率跟踪算法，以最大风能捕获的三个基本方法为依据，分别搭建了叶尖速比法和爬山法两种最大功率跟踪算法的仿真模型。最后通过仿真实验结果的分析，进一步验证了所搭建的风力发电机组模型的正确性，并且在低于额定风速情况下，叶尖速比法和爬山法两种风能捕获的方法进行对比仿真分析，能够较好地体现了最大功率跟踪控制算法的性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 In terms of the “’second five’ development of wind power technique specificplanning” published by science and technological department on April2012, the maintarget of the basic research of wind power industry in our country is to promote the designability for wind turbine and wind farm, which make it complete. Furthermore, it solves theimportant science questions based on the air condition in our country that are basictheoretical research of wind energy resources and wind power system. As the importantresearching task in basic theory of wind power system are also mentioned in “specificplanning”, their studying includes the wind turbine modeling, the methods of verificationand simulation theory and the methods of establishing the integral dynamic mathematicalmodel for wind power system. Comparing with the traditional types of double-fedinduction generator, the direct-driven wind turbine generator is concerned by their lowconsumption, high working efficiency and low maintenance investments. In addition, dueto the direct-driven wind turbine generator has begun to be put into use in large quantities,improving the efficiency of power extraction in wind and power system throughcomprehension their working characteristics become the main researching object in windand power industry.In this paper, due to the preliminary understand and analysis of the dynamiccharacteristics in the direct-driven wind turbine generators, there are working in severalsteps. Firstly, to establish the mathematical model by its modeling mechanisms operate inthe Matlab/Simulink to build up the simulation model for whole wind turbine generators,which include the model of wind velocity and wind turbine generator, the model ofdirect-driven wind turbine generator. Among these conditions, the model of wind velocityproposes a method that completes the natural wind. According to the wind frequencydistribution curve reported by the wind resources assess in certain wind power industry and,following the Rayleigh distribution randomly deploy in certain different wind velocity sign,they establish the simulation model with natural wind velocity, which randomly assign thewindy velocity, at the same time, cover the cut-in speed to the cut-out velocity range. Inaddition, the probability of wind speed conform the Rayleigh distribution in certain rangeof time. In the controlling aspects, the establishing model for mathematical model indirect-driven wind turbine generators may complicated and hard to complete. So, to achieve the direct-driven wind turbine generators controlling apply the method ofsimplifying by using the coordinate transformation. The next, when machines are operatedbelow the condition of rated wind speed, this project mainly research on the maximumpower tracking to establish the simulation model of the tip speed ratio method andclimbing method in terms of the three basic methods of maximum wind energy capture. Atlast, through the results analysis of simulation experiment, it accurately verify thecorrectness of wind turbine models, and when the wind speeds are below the rated windvelocity, comparing the tip speed ratio method and climbing method will perfectlydemonstrate the performance of maximum power tracing control method.更多还原