【作者】 陈莉；

【导师】 陈英；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 农地是农民最大利益的体现，村民之间的关系、行为、诉求是农地制度运行与变迁的源泉和基础。我们注意到以往研究中很少有学者从村民自身及村民间相互关系的角度对农地制度变迁的影响进行研究。本研究将非生产力因素带入了分析，证实参与其中的人的活动起到了极为重要的作用，运用“村民关联度”这一全新概念，通过构建村民关联度指标体系，最终衡量村民关联度高低。通过村民关联度这一全新视角，选取石羊河流域地区2市4县区16个乡镇30个村庄的600名村民作为调查对象，通过实地调查走访，定量测度研究区不同县区的村民关联度水平，并且对该区域农地制度变迁进行了绩效研究，将定性与定量分析将结合，对村民关联度与农地制度变迁关系的分析研究，从调控村民关联度的角度，提出与研究区村民关联水平相匹配的农地制度变迁方向和建议。通过研究，得到以下结论：（1）界定村民关联度的内涵、概念，构建村民关联度理论体系。本文将村民关联度释义为以村庄为单位，以农户为评价对象，研究村庄内部的社会资源存量，特指村民之间具体关系的性质、程度和广泛性，它是村民在村庄社会内部结成的各种具体关系的总称，保持着村庄内部群体的整合。（2）通过村民关联度指标体系的构建，结合实地调查走访收集的数据和资料，从横向和纵向两个方面对石羊河流域地区村民关联度进行的测度。横向上测度的是石羊河流域地区不同区域的村民关联度水平，选取30个村庄对其村民关联度进行分析和测度，最终测度出各村的村民关联度值。纵向上测度的使石羊河流域地区不同历史发展时期村民关联度水平，从建国以来划分为四个历史时期，最终测得1949-1956年村民关联度为66.69，1957-1978年村民关联度值为66.69，1979-2005年石羊河流域地区村民关联度值为64.14，2006-2010年石羊河流域地区村民关联度值为56.48。（3）对我国农地制度变迁路径及石羊河流域地区农地制度变迁路径进行系统梳理，得出石羊河流域地区农地制度变迁路径与全国范围内农地制度变迁路径相符。该地区积极贯彻执行国家制定的各项农地法律、法规与相关政策。（4）为了更好地理解制度变迁，本文对石羊河流域地区农地制度实施现状进行调查，分别从农地分配现状、调整现状、流转现状、征收现状四个方面进行了分析。研究发现该地区农地分配主要以采取按人口分配的方式为主，导致劳动力出现季节性失调现象。对于农地调整，多数被调查农民家庭认为应对现行农地调整制度改善与变迁，以适应当前农村与经济发展需求。调查区域由于受到经济和观念的制约农地流转发育较为缓慢。农地征收中主要的矛盾集中在征收补偿标准和农民权益保护方面。（5）村民关联度对农地制度变迁影响进行了研究，分别从农地所有制度、农地使用制度、农地流转制度和农地征收制度四个角度进行分析。得到结论，由于现行的农地所有制中，“集体”作为农地所有权主体，其内涵和主体定位模糊是造成农民自身的农地权益受损的重要原因，进而影响到农地使用制度、流转制度、征收制度的发挥和运行。村民关联度的在所有制运行中的具有一定的地位，可以将“集体”的定义变得明晰，村民关联度直接影响到农地制度变迁的动力和可能性。村民关联度高的村庄，村民合作能力强，集体行动容易产生，村民在与政府的博弈中，就会占据一席之地，村民农地权益得到维护。村民关联度达到一定程度之后，农地制度变迁主体就会产生制度创新的要求，制度变迁就会应运而生。（6）农地制度变迁对村民关联度的影响研究，首先对石羊河流域地区不同时间农地制度变迁绩效进行了评价和对比分析。结论得出该区域1949年-1956年和1957年-1978年的农地制度变迁都是由国家强制性植入的方式，基本没有考虑变迁主体，即农民群众的意愿，相比之下，前者更符合生产力发展的需求，而后者制度变迁与农民的意愿和生产力发展相违背，导致农业生产总值、耕地平均增长率、劳动率投入平均增长率都出现了下降。1978年-2005年的制度变迁方式主要以农民群众自发诱致性变迁为主，国家在自上而下的制度变迁过程中，更多地考虑农民意愿，农地制度变迁在这一阶段绩效明显。农地制度制度安排是否促进效率，要看物的利用效率和人与物的结合状况。一项成功的农地制度安排必须能促进土地资源的合理利用，促进土地适度集中，从而提高规模效益。得出一项成功的农地制度必须能节约交易成本，降低交易费用，能更好的促进生产要素的自由流动，从而使要素生产效率提高。本研究从不同时期的角度分析了农地制度变迁对村民关联度的影响，并且对石羊河流域地区农地制度变迁进行了绩效研究，根据建国以来我国农地制度变迁路径和绩效，分析村民关联度呈现的变化轨迹。从横向关联到纵向关联，再到关联程度随着城市化和市场经济的发展逐渐削弱。可以看出，农地制度变迁对村民关联度产生着重大的影响。（7）通过上述石羊河流域地区村民关联度与农地制度变迁关系研究，分析得出两者有着紧密的联系，村民关联度助推着农地制度的变迁，可以将村民关联程度作为农地制度构建的依据之一；农地制度变迁在不同时期对村民关联度也产生不同的影响。两者相互影响，可以从村民关联度的角度出发，丰富今后的农地制度变迁研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Farmland is a reflection of farmers’ best interests, the relationship between thevillagers and behavior, demand is the basis and source of running and change of farmlandsystem. We noticed that there are few scholars in past research from the angle ofrelationship between villagers and villagers itself to study the influence of change offarmland system. Will not on productivity factors into the analysis, this study confirmedthat the people involved in the activities play a very important role. Model in thesociological term "social relation" put forward the concept of villagers "correlation", buildthe villagers correlation index system to measure the villagers correlation between high andlow.By the villagers correlation is a new Angle of view, this study selected Shiyang riverdrainage area district2cities,4counties and16towns and30villages,600villagers as theinvestigation object, through on-the-spot investigation visit, the quantitative measure in thestudy area is villagers correlation of different counties. The villagers are carried outcorrelation research on influence of change of land system and land syste m changeinfluence on villagers correlation research, finally it is concluded that the villagerscorrelation relationship with the change of farmland system. Associated with villagers inthe study area level and proposed the change of farmland system matching the direction,from the Angle of regulating the villagers correlation degree, put forward reasonablefarmland system reform proposals.Through research, obtains the following conclusions:(1) Due to the study of villagers "correlation" is still blank, defining the connotation ofvillager’s correlation, this study constructs the villagers correlation theory system.Correlation definition for this article will villagers in villages, farmers as theevaluation objects, the study of village inside the stock of social resources, especially thenature of the specific relationship between the villagers, degree and universality, it is a formof villagers in the village society, the floorboard of the various specific relationship, kept inside the village group consolidation. Villagers correlation degree evaluation index systemis constructed.(2) By the villagers of correlation index system building, combining with the fieldsurvey to collect data and information, from the horizontal and vertical two aspects, thevillagers correlation in Shiyang river basin region of the measure.On lateral measure from different parts of the Shiyang river basin area of the villagerscorrelation level, selecting30village to the villagers correlation analysis and measure,measure finally out of the four counties of villagers correlation value.Longitudinal on measurement of the Shiyang river basin region different historicaldevelopment periods villagers correlation level, since the founding of the people is dividedinto four historical periods, the final measurement correlation degree1949-1956is66.69,1957-1978is66.69,1979-2005is64.14,2006-2010is56.48.(3) Through to our country farmland institutional change path of Shiyang riverdrainage area, and the area of farmland path of institutional change, since the founding ofthe Shiyang river drainage area of farmland institutional change path consistent withfarmland institutional change path across the country, actively carry out various agriculturalland laws and regulations formulated by the state and the re lated policy, and obtained thecorresponding change of farmland system performance.(4) In order to better understanding of institutional change, in this paper, the Shiyangriver basin area of farmland system implementation present situation investigation,respectively from the farmland allocation situation, adjust the present situation. Studieshave found that the area of farmland allocation mainly adopt the method of populationdistribution, lead to labor a seasonal imbalance phenomenon. For farmland adj ustment, themajority of farmers surveyed families think that deal with the current farmland adjustmentsystem to improve and change, to adapt to the current rural and economic developmentneeds. Survey area due to the restriction of farmland circulation economy and ideasdeveloped relatively slowly. Land expropriation mainly concentrated in the collection of compensation standard and the contradiction of the farmers’ rights and interests protection.(5) The villagers correlation is studied the change of farmland system, respectivelyfrom the farmland all system, farmland use system, farmland conversion system and fourAngle carries on the analysis of farmland expropriation system. In the survey found thatdue to the current agricultural land ownership, the "collective" as the farmland ownership,its connotation and the main body positioning fuzzy is the important cause of farmer’s landrights and interests is damaged, and thus affect the farmland use system, circulation system,a system of play and run. Villagers correlation in ownership has a certain status in operation,and can be the definition of a "collective" become clear, the villagers correlation degreedirectly affect the change of farmland system of power and possibility. Villagers villagecorrelation degree is high, the cooperation ability is strong, easy to collective action, thevillagers in the game with the government, will be a place, the villagers’ land rightsmaintenance. Villagers correlation degree reaches a certain degree, the change of farmlandsystem main body will generate requirements of system innovation, institutional changewill arises at the historic moment.(6) Rural land institutional change impact on farmers’ correlation degree, first of all inShiyang river basin region different time change of farmland system performance wasevaluated and compared.Conclusion the region in1949-1956and1956-1978of farmland institutional changeare made by national mandatory implanted way, basic didn’t consider change the main body,the peasants will, by contrast, the former is more conform to the needs of the developmentof the productive forces and the latter to institutional change conflict with farmers’willingness and productivity development, agricultural GDP, average growth rate of arableland and labor rate in average growth rates have declined. In1978-1978, way of systemvicissitude mainly peasants spontaneous induced change, countries in the process oftop-down institutional change, consider more farmers’ will, change of farmland syste mperformance obviously at this stage. Whether the system arrangement of farmland system to promote efficiency, depends on the efficiency of content and the combination of peopleand things. A successful system of rural land arrangement must be able to pro mote therational use of land resources, promote the moderate concentration of land, so as to increaseeconomies of scale. Come to a successful rural land system must be able to save transactioncost, reduce transaction costs, better able to promote the free flow of factors of production,so that the factors of production efficiency.This study from the perspective of different periods is analyzed farmland institutionalchange influence on villagers’ correlation, and the performance was studied for the changeof farmland system in Gansu province, according to the change of farmland system in ourcountry since the founding, path and the performance analysis of the villagers presenttrajectory correlation. From transverse associated with longitudinal association to relevancewith the urbanization and the development of the market economy gradually weakened.Farmland institutional change, you can see that have a significant influence on villagers’correlation.(7) By the Shiyang river basin area villagers correlation and the study on therelationship between the change of farmland system, analysis both are closely linked, thevillagers correlation booster with the change of farmland system, the villagers can be one ofcorrelation degree as the basis of building a new rural land system; Change of farmlandsystem of villagers correlation in different periods also have different effects. Can bothinfluence each other, from the perspective of villagers correlation, rich farmlandinstitutional change in the future research.更多还原