【作者】 孙强；

【导师】 杨友孝；

【作者基本信息】 广东外语外贸大学 ， 会计学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 企业所得税是政府对境内的企业和其他取得收入的组织以其生产经营所得为课税对象所征收的一种税。对政府而言，企业所得税是国家财政收入的重要来源，是对经济进行宏观调控的重要手段；对于企业而言，企业所得税税负的高低会直接影响企业的现金流量与税后利润。企业所得税实际税负问题的重要性不言而喻，也成为研究的热点。我国现阶段对企业所得税的研究多采用定性研究，定量研究相对薄弱。本文从理论与实证两条线路出发，力图从理论视角阐述企业所得税实际税负相关理论，并据此深入分析影响实际税负的因素；进而从实证视角，以中国上市公司的数据为样本，运用数量分析的方法，考察上市公司的企业所得税实际税负及变化趋势。并进一步结合数据剖析宏、微观因素对上市公司企业所得税实际税负的影响。在此基础上得出相关结论并提出政策建议。在理论分析上，本文首先对企业所得税实际税负进行界定，提出用平均实际税率（Effective Tax Rate，简称ETR）衡量企业所得税实际税负，并确定了本文ETR的计算方法。之后结合现有文献，阐述了企业所得税理论、税负转嫁与归宿理论。进一步，在宏观因素上，分析了新企业所得税法、地区市场化程度对上市公司企业所得税实际税负的影响；微观因素上，分析了企业的规模、资产负债率、固定资产比重、盈利能力、国有股权比例对其企业所得税实际税负的影响。在实证分析上，本文统计了2004年至2011年上市公司企业所得税实际税负水平。结果发现2008年至2011年新企业所得税法执行期间，上市公司整体ETR均值高于2004年至2007年旧企业所得税法实施阶段。从行业上看，2004年至2011年各行业的ETR均值基本符合国家的税收优惠政策。从地区上看，2004年至2011年中部地区的ETR均值高于东部、西部地区，即中部地区企业所得税实际税负较重。进一步对影响企业所得税实际税负的因素与ETR进行回归发现，宏观因素中的新企业所得税的实施，中部地区都显著影响了ETR；微观因素中的企业的规模、资产负债率、盈利能力、国有股权比例与ETR也显著相关，但固定资产比重与ETR负相关的假设并未得到验证。本文的研究结论可以为政府制定合理的税收政策提供依据，为企业合理降低税负提供支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Enterprise Income Tax is tax imposed by the state on operational and other incomes ofenterprises and organizations within the People’s Republic of China. For government,Enterprise Income Tax is a major source of financial revenue; for enterprises, incometax burden has a direct influence on their cash flow and profit after tax.Effective Tax Burden is self-evidently important, which makes it a hot topic ofcurrent researches. Most domestic studies on Enterprise Income Tax mainly adoptqualitative method, while few quantitative studies have been carried out on this topic.This thesis draws conclusions and provides some suggestions for government to setup policies. In this thesis, relevant theories on Enterprise Effective Tax Burden havebeen reviewed and factors influencing the burden have been explored. Then the thesisconducts an empirical study based on the samples of the Chinese listed companies andfurther explores the micro and macro factors that influence Enterprise Effective TaxBurden.In the literature review part, the thesis defines the Enterprise Effective TaxBurden, clarifies the formula to calculate it by using of concept of Effective Tax Rate(hereinafter referred to as ETR). Then the thesis reviews relevant theories onEnterprise Income Tax, Tax Shifting, and Tax Incidence. From the macro perspective,the thesis analyzes how macro factors such as the implementation of the new versionLaw of Enterprise Income Tax and regional marketability affect Enterprise EffectiveTax Burden. From the micro perspective, the thesis analyzes how the company size,asset-liability ratio, proportion of fixed asset, profitability and proportion of stateownership influence the Effective Tax Burden.In the empirical study part, this thesis collects and analyzes the listed companies’Effective Tax Burden between2004and2011. It is found that the average enterpriseETR under the new version Law of Income Tax between2008and2011is higher thanthat under the old law between2004and2007. From the perspective of industry, theaverage ETR of various industries is in conformity with the policy on Preferential TaxTreatment; From the perspective of regions, the average ETR in central China ishigher than that in eastern and western China, which means that enterprise in thecentral regions are imposed with heavy Effective Tax Burden. Through a furtherregression analysis on factors influencing the Effective Tax Burden, it is found thatthe macro factors such as the implementation of the new version Law of Enterprise Income Tax and region factors have significantly influenced the ETR. Besides, microfactors such as the company size, asset-liability ratio, profitability and the proportionof the state ownership correlate significantly to ETR, while there are no strongevidences to prove the hypothesis that there is a negative correlation betweenproportion of fixed assets and ETR. The conclusions reached in this thesis can providesuggestions for government to set up tax policies and for companies to reasonablyconduct tax planning.更多还原