【作者】 朱莹；

【导师】 孟宪林；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是抗生素生产和使用大国，在抗生素生产过程中不可避免的会产生固体废弃物——抗生素菌渣。抗生素菌渣具有产生量大、含水率高、含有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸和有机质等营养物质的特点，是用来作为畜禽饲料或饲料添加剂及植物肥料的理想原料。而菌渣资源化利用的产品因其含有抗生素或者其降解产物的残留以及其它少量有害物质的存在，使其资源化利用的同时也存在着一定的安全隐患。但若按照危废的处置标准进行处置，不论是在经济上还是技术上都成为制约抗生素制药企业发展的瓶颈问题。在对国内17家抗生素制药企业调研的基础上，依据菌渣利用和处置过程风险源因子、风险因子毒性、扩散性和风险控制等因素，运用AHP法构建了抗生素菌渣利用和处置过程风险因子识别的指标体系，并以土霉素菌渣为例，辨识出土霉素菌渣饲料化、肥料化和填埋过程的主要风险因子为土霉素及其降解产物，而焚烧和其它利用和处置技术的主要风险因子为二噁英等。根据土霉素菌渣饲料化过程风险因子的识别结果，构建了土霉素菌渣饲料化过程危害识别、剂量-反应评估、暴露评价和风险表征人体健康风险评价体系，基于成人和儿童所能承受的环境风险和国家相关标准规定，得出不同菌渣添加比例及处置前后饲料化过程的风险值，并建立了土霉素菌渣饲料化过程不同菌渣添加量和处置率时成人和儿童的人体健康风险评价模型。根据土霉素菌渣肥料化过程风险因子的识别结果，采用危害的鉴定、估计预测无影响浓度（影响评价）、估计预测环境浓度（暴露评价）和风险描述四步法对土霉素菌渣肥料化过程进行生态风险评价，分析了土霉素菌渣肥料化过程在潮土、黑土和红壤土中在菌渣处置前后的生态风险，并建立了以土霉素在不同土壤中的降解半衰期和处置率为变量的土霉素菌渣肥料化对土壤微生物、植物、动物和耐药菌的生态风险评价模型。本论文构建的抗生素菌渣利用和处置过程的风险因子识别指标体系，土霉素菌渣饲料化过程人体健康风险评价和肥料化过程生态风险评价体系的研究成果可为菌渣饲料化和肥料化的风险控制提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Solid waste—antibiotics residue is inevitable in the production of antibiotics.Our country not only the large production and use power country of antibiotic,butalso the large production of antibiotics residue country. The characteristics ofantibiotics residue is large production, high in water content,rich in nutrients suchas protein, amino acids and organic matter.It tend to be used as the ideal rawmaterials of livestock feed or feed additive and plant fertilizer.But there isantibiotics or their degradation products and other small amounts of harmfulmaterial residual in the residue,such it hides potentialsafetyhazard in theresourceutilization.But if dispose the residue with the disposal of waste disposalstandards, it is not only caused the waste of resources,but also consume a largeamount of energy consumption and take up a lot of land.The use and safedisposalhas become a bottleneck problem of antibiotic pharmaceuticalenterprise,and is also the focus of the state and society attention.Investigating17antibiotics companies,analyse of the use and disposaltechnology and residue composition,according to the risk source factor、risk factortoxicity、diffusivity and risk control technology of the process of utilization anddisposal technology,by applying the method of AHP to establish the system of riskfactors identification, the main risk factors for oxytetracycline residue in makingfeed、fertilizer and dumping is oxytetracycline and its degradationproduct,for burnis Dioxin,for other disposal technology is others.Based on the risk factor identification results in oxytetracycline residue ofmaking feed,construct hazard identification/the dose-response assessment、exposureassessment and risk characterization of the health risk assessment system, throughthe establishment of oxytetracycline residue feed human health risk assessmentmodel of adults and children in different additiveamount and disposal rate,forproviding the basis for quantitative evaluation for oxytetracycline residue makingfeed.According to the results of risk factor identification for makying fertilizer withoxytetracycline residue,use hazard identification, estimate predict no effectconcentrations (impact assessment), estimates predict environmental concentration(exposure assessment) and risk described four steps for the assessment in theprocess of oxytetracycline residue in makying fertilizer.Analyzing by different soil degradation half-life and disposal rate for the ecological risks,and establishoxytetracycline residue fertilizer risk evaluation model on soil microbes, plants,animals, and drug-resistant bacteria.The target system for risk factor identification of the use and disposal processof antibiotic residue,the research results for human health risk assessment ofoxytetracycline residue in making feed and ecological risk evaluation ofoxytetracycline residue in making fertilizer can provided the scientific basis for riskcontrol.更多还原