【作者】 王威；

【导师】 魏英杰；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 一般力学与力学基础， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 对水下潜射航行体采用肩部主动通气的方式，不但可以起到减阻效果，还可以改善航行体出水环境。通过水洞实验的研究手段，研究通气参数对航行体的流体动力影响有助于找到最佳的通气参数，达到最佳减阻效果。水洞实验的研究中，采用提高流体的速度和降低工作段压力的方法来减小空化数，但形成自然超空泡仍旧比较困难。如果采用人工通气的办法，在航行体周围生成空泡就比较容易，将此法用于水洞实验对空泡问题的研究上。主要研究工作如下：进行了水洞实验所需的水下航行体模型的设计，采用锥形头部的航行体模型，通过主动通气的方式，用两道通气缝为航行体肩部位置提供通气，两道通气缝的宽度均可调节，通气角度亦可改变。对通气系统进行了设计，利用由流量计和压力表组成的控制面板，为航行体模型连续提供气体，以满足实验的需要。对航行体表面压力和流体动力的测量装置进行了设计，采用模型内置压力传感器的方式测量航行体表面压力，利用六分力测力天平测量航行体的流体动力，通过设计，使传感器在模型内部有效的空间内更好的排布，使模型体积更小，提高了实验的精度。对模型的尾部支撑装置进行了改良，使传感器和模型的安装和拆卸更为容易，减小了安装误差，提高了实验精度。此外还并优化了实验方案以及实验数据的采集和处理方法。利用水洞实验，开展了航行体模型在单缝通气条件下，空泡形态及流体动力特性实验研究，分析了不同通气参数条件下的空泡形态、流体动力变化情况，获得了通气体积流量、通气缝宽度和通气角度对空泡形态及流体动力特性的影响规律。利用水洞实验，开展了航行体模型在双缝通气条件下，空泡形态及流体动力特性的实验研究，通过实验数据分析，并与单缝通气情况下的实验数据对比，分析了不同开缝方式条件下，航行体的空泡形态和流体动力随第二道通气缝开闭的影响规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ocean will become the main battlefield in the future war. Due to the application oflaunching technology by underwater submarine, the invisibility of submarine isimproved, and the viability of submarine is increased. The way of ventilation onunderwater vehicle shoulder can not only reduce resistance but also improvesurrounding in exiting water process of missiles. By making use of tunnel experiment,the research which is about influence on fluid dynamics of vehicle by ventilationparameters can help to seek out the best ventilation parameters and achieve the besteffect of resistance reduction. During the study of tunnel experiment, cavitation numberis reduced by increasing speed and reducing pressure of working section. Therefore theformation of natural supercavitation is difficult. If we use artificial ventilation approach,it is easier to form supercavitation. This method is used for studying supercavitation bytunnel experiment widely. This thesis’s main research contents are as follows:The underwater vehicle model which is used for tunnel experiment has beendesigned using cone in vitro. By way of active ventilation, with two ventilation slitprovide ventilation for the body and shoulder position of navigation, two ventilationsslit width is adjustable ventilation can also change the angle. Design of ventilationsystem using the control panel consists of flow and gauges pressure, providing fornavigation model in continuous gas to meet the needs of the experiment. The navigationof surface pressure and fluid dynamic design of the measuring device, a model of thebuilt-in pressure sensor was used to measurement of surface pressure of navigation,enable a better arrangement in a model of effective space, making smaller models,improving the accuracy of the experiment by designing. The supporting device of themodel has been improved to make it easier to install and remove the sensor, reduceinstallation errors, improve the accuracy of the experiment. In addition, improving theexperimental programmes, as well as experimental data collection and processingmethods.The experimental research on cavity shape and fluid dynamics characteristics ofunderwater vehicle has been carried out under the condition of single seam ventilation.Changes of cavity shape and fluid dynamics have been analyzed on different ventilationparameters. The law of influence on cavity shape and fluid dynamics characteristics byventilation volume flow rate, ventilation seam width and ventilation angles has beenacquired.The experimental study on cavity shape and fluid dynamics characteristics ofunderwater vehicle has been carried out under the condition of double seams ventilation. Taking advantage of the comparison between single seam and double seams, Changesof vehicle’s cavity shape and force have been analyzed by different seaming situations.更多还原