【作者】 刘琼；

【导师】 王建平；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 英国作家格雷厄姆·格林读了纳博科夫的小说《洛丽塔》后，在伦敦《泰晤士报》写评书，将其誉为1995年的三大佳作之一，使得此书不胫而走，成为国际畅销书。问世至今，《洛丽塔》已被译成多国文字出版。先后在中国共发行了近20个中译本，深受读者喜爱。然而，由于所处年代不同，不同译者在翻译《洛丽塔》时都进行了很大程度上的改写，也正是由于这些改写，使之成为了符合中国国情的译本。而这些改写都与不同年代的主流意识形态、主流诗学和赞助人密不可分。那么不同年代的译本究竟有何区别？不同译者在不同年代对译本做了怎样的改写？意识形态、诗学和赞助人究竟是如何对译者进行操纵的？本文以勒斐弗尔操纵理论的“三要素”为基础来探讨这些问题。20世纪80年代勒斐弗尔提出操纵理论，创造性地对翻译活动中的意识形态、诗学与赞助人等因素进行分析，被誉为操纵学派的典型代表。90年代，他又与苏珊·巴斯奈特一起提出了翻译研究的文化研究观点，颠覆了以往翻译理论的指向，推动了翻译研究的“文化转向”。勒斐弗尔在其著作《翻译、改写以及对文学名声的制控》中提出翻译的“三要素”，即诗学观、意识形态和赞助人。在他看来，翻译只能是对原文的改写，不可能真实地反映原作的面貌，因为它始终都要受到这三个因素的操纵。本文的创新之处在于选取了改革开放三十年间《洛丽塔》三个中译本，它们分别是：1989年黄建人所译的大陆最早译本，1997年流传最广的于晓丹译本以及2005年主万所译的我国第一个全译本为研究对象，比较研究三个不同十年中操控《洛丽塔》三译者的三要素。得出以下结论：三位译者在其翻译过程前后均受控于他们各自所处年代的意识形态、诗学以及赞助人。意识形态决定译者对翻译文本和翻译策略的选择，社会意识形态作为意识形态的重要组成部分，从时代、社会文化与道德规范以及政治背景三方面操纵译者的翻译过程。诗学作为社会文学的总标准决定了译者如何处理译文的句法结构、语言风格以及原著中大量的性爱场景描写。而赞助人则通过意识形态、经济以及社会地位三因素操纵译本的发行与出版。这一研究发现说明，不同年代翻译同一作品的不同译者，其翻译行为势必受控于不同年代的主流意识形态、主流诗学及赞助人。本研究为今后从历时性视角运用操纵理论对比研究同一原作不同年代多个译本提供了一个有效范例。更多还原

【Abstract】 The English writer Green Graham wrote book reviews in The Times and regarded it asone of the three masterpieces in1995after reading Nabokov’s novel Lolita. Thus he helped topopularize this book and made it a worldwide best-seller. So far, Lolita has been translatedinto various languages. In China there are nearly20Chinese versions of Lolita. But indifferent eras, different translators have rewritten Lolita to a large extent in order to maketheir translations of it in line with China’s national conditions and acceptable to Chinesereaders in different times. And these rewritings are inextricably linked with ideology, poeticsand patron in different eras. But what are the differences among the three translations in threedifferent eras? What factors impact the differences among the three translations in threedifferent eras? How ideology, poetics and patronage exactly manipulated the translators? Thisthesis aims to discuss these issues based on the “Three Factors” of Lefevere’s ManipulationTheory.In the1980s Lefevere’s Manipulation Theory creatively analyzed some factors involvedin the translation process, such as ideology, poetics and patronage, thus he was considered asa representative figure of the manipulation school. In the90s, he proposed the culturalresearch in translation studies, which subverted the past translation theories and contributed tothe “cultural turn” in translation studies. Lefevere presented the “Three Factors”, namely,poetics, ideology and patronage in his book Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation ofLiterature Fame. From his point of view, translation can only be a rewrite of the original andcan never be a true reflection of it because translators and their work are always manipulatedby these three factors.The innovation of this thesis is to select three Chinese versions of Lolita that have beenpublished in the three decades since the implementation of the policy of reform and openingup to the outside world including the first mainland version translated by Huang Jianren in1989, the most popular one by Yu Xiaodan in1997and the one regarded as the firstcover-to-cover Chinese translation by Zhu Wan in2005and to have a comparative study onthe three factors manipulating the three translators of Lolita in three different decades.Finally this thesis comes to the conclusion that the three translators are all manipulatedby the ideology, poetics and patronage in their own times before and during their translationprocess. Ideology manipulates their selections of the source text and the correspondingstrategies. Moreover, social ideology, as an important part of ideology, manipulated thetranslators from different aspects such as era background, social culture and ethic and politics. Poetics, as a standard of social literature, manipulated the translators at different levelsincluding the syntactic level, the level of language style and sexual scene description whilepatrons manipulated the publication and issue of the translation through the ideological,economic and social status components. This thesis shows that when different translatorstranslate the same work in different eras, their translation behavior must be manipulated bythe ideology, poetics and patronage in their own times. This thesis provides an effectiveexample for future employment of the Manipulation Theory from the diachronic perspectivein the comparative study on multiple translations in translating the same work in differenteras.更多还原