【作者】 黄婧；

【导师】 张维江；

【作者基本信息】 宁夏大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 宁夏南部地区地处西北干旱带的黄土高原,这里气候干燥,降水稀少,地表水资源有限,人畜饮水困难,是我国典型的极端缺水地区之一。该地区受区域构造条件控制,地貌形态山盆相间,地下水形成与赋存条件非常复杂。此外,该区苦咸水广泛分布,具有典型的水质型缺水特征。因此,深入开展该区的水文地质研究工作十分迫切并具有重要意义。本文详细介绍了地下水评价尤其是地下水数值模拟的国内外研究现状及最新进展。并在充分收集和分析宁夏南部地区地质、水文和水文地质等方面资料的基础上,系统地阐述了研究区内主要地层的成因、时代和岩性,划分了含水层系统和地下水类型,分析了地下水的补给、径流、排泄规律和地下水动态特征。确定模拟区范围和计算目的层,概化含水层水力特征、垂向、侧向边界后,依据水文地质概念模型建立了地下水数学模型。并采用基于有限差分法的GMS软件对建立的数值方程进行求解。本次模拟选用2006年6月-2007年6月作为模型的识别验证期,拟合效果良好,说明含水层结构、水文地质参数的确定、边界条件的概化等处理较为合理,所建立的模型可以用来评价该区地下水资源量。根据校正后的模型计算得,模拟期内平原区地下水系统总补给量为2736.11×104m3/a,总排泄量为4211.65×104m3/a,为负均衡。模拟期内含水层储存量的疏干量(均衡差)为1475.54×104m3/a。清水河平原模拟区的面积为722.54km2,含水层给水度按0.1计算,整个平原区地下水位平均下降速率为20.4cm/a。本文中也简要的评价了地下水水质。根据平原区地下水矿化度分区的面积与含水层厚度等计算出不同水质水的储存水量；按照不同水质的地下水,在计算区内分布面积的大小及所占比例大小,分别计算出各层不同矿化度级别的天然资源量。比照采用地下水均衡分析法计算结果,地下水数值模拟结果可靠。研究区内地下水排泄远大于补给,地下水严重超采,水位持续下降,开采过程已动用了大量的地下水储存资源。建议该地区制定合理的地下水资源开发利用规划,科学管理用水,调整用水结构,找水改水相结合,严格控制地下水资源开采量。更多还原

【Abstract】 The south area of Ningxia hui autonomous region is located in the loess plateau which is situated in the North-west of China, with little raining, limited surface water and shortage of drinking water, it is one of the most droughty areas in China. Confined by the regional tectonic conditions, the landforms present the situation which the mountains and the basins arrange alternately, and how the groundwater originating and preserving are complex. Furthermore, the salted water is distributed widely in the area which has the characteristic of water-quality water deficiency. Therefore, in-depth investigation into the hydrogeology study of this area is time-pressing and significant.This essay focuses on the valuation of the groundwater, especially the current situation and new updates about both domestic and international researches of the groundwater numerical model. On the basis of fully collecting and analyzing relative materials such as geology, hydrology and hydrogeology of the south area of Ningxia hui autonomous region, the paper explains systematically the cause, era and lithology of the main stratum in the research area, and analyzes the law of recharge, runoff, drainage and dynamic characteristics of the groundwater. After confirming the range of simulation district and target layer for calculation and generalization hydraulic characteristics, vertical and lateral boundary, a groundwater mathematical model is set up, according to the hydrogeological conceptual model. And GMS which is based on finite difference method is employed to solve the numerical equations.This simulation select June of2006-June of2007as the testing period which present better match backed by determination of aquifer structure and hydrogeological parameter, and boundary condition generalization, therefore the model established is applicable to evaluate the groundwater volume in this area. According to result from the modified model and during the simulation period, the total supply volume of the groundwater in the plains is2736.11×104m3/a and total discharge volume is4211.65×104m3/a which is negatively balanced. During the simulation period, the discharge volume in conserved layer is1475.54×104m3/a. The total size of the simulation area of Qingshui river Plains is722.54km2, the groundwater level for the whole plains decreased by20.4cm/a if specific yield is0.1.This paper also briefly assesses the quality of the groundwater in this area. Volume of the conserved water can be computed by the size of the area with different total dissolved solids, thickness of water layer etc. Also to compute the volume of mineralized groundwater in each layer according to groundwater quality and size of distribution area and its proportion.The discharge volume in the area under research out-beat the supply volume, meaning the groundwater is severely over explored with continuously decreased water level. Suggestions are aiming to rationally and scientifically explore the groundwater resources with better management on water usage, adjustment of usage structure and combination of searching-for-new and current water mortification, to strictly control and manage the groundwater exploration volume.更多还原