【作者】 陈军；

【导师】 莫良玉；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 通过种子发芽及田间试验,研究了重金属胁迫下麻类作物种子发芽的响应,不同大田环境和种植模式下金属毒害作用不同麻类作物各器官对Zn、Cd、As、Pb重金属的吸收和积累性的差异。旨在了解重金属毒害作用对麻类作物生长影响的前提下筛选出适应当地土壤环境的耐受性好的红黄麻品种,并为土壤重金属的污染治理提供理论依据。1、在种子发芽试验中,以福红992(恢复系)、红麻P3A/992(F1代)、红麻P3A(不育系)为材料,研究了两个亲本和F1代三个品种在不同浓度重金属胁迫下的毒害反应。结果表明：①不同浓度的Pb、Cd单一以及交互处理对不同红麻品种的发芽率有不同程度的影响。在300Pb+3.0Cd浓度下,三个红麻品种耐性极弱,发芽率均明显降低。在Cd浓度为1.5mg/L、3.0mg/L时,红麻三个品种之间表现出明显的差异性；P3A在150mg/LPb浓度下、1.0mg/LCd浓度下发芽率明显降低；②不同红麻品种间差异性明显,红麻P3A/992(F1代)表现出极强的杂种优势,其发芽率较接近亲本福红992,说明两者种间亲和性高,而与亲本P3A的差异明显,表现出极不亲和性。2、田间试验在品种种植区,对7个红麻品种和5个黄麻品种重金属胁迫下耐受性进行研究。结果表明：植株各器官对Zn的吸收和积累表现出：籽粒>根>叶/茎秆。随着植株的不断生长,对于Zn的积累分布,根、茎秆、叶、籽粒没有明显的差异性,其含量在植株体内变化波动较大,侧重于跟随植株生长趋势的变化,具有很强的迁移性；植株各器官对As的吸收和积累表现出：根>籽粒>叶>茎秆,且积累量不断上升；植株各器官对Cd的吸收和积累表现出：根/叶>籽粒>茎秆,且积累量不断下降；植株各器官对Pb的吸收和积累表现出：根>茎秆/叶/籽粒,其中根部积累的Pb含量在不断的上升,且含量最多,说明根部是Pb积累的主要器官；在土壤重金属毒害作用下筛选出耐受性较好的黄红麻品种有：红麻09-1、09-3、09-5和黄麻09-2、09-3、09-5。3、在不同种植模式试验中,设计不同单作和间作的种植模式处理,研究在加入石灰调节田间土壤酸度的前提下,分析了麻株对重金属的吸收和积累状况。结果表明：从现蕾期到收获期,红麻茎杆、根系普遍吸收和积累的重金属Zn、As、Pb含量呈不断递增的态势,而吸收和积累的Cd含量却呈现不断下降的趋势；麻株对Zn的吸收和积累表现出：籽粒>根/叶/茎秆；麻株对As的吸收和积累表现出：籽粒>根>叶>茎秆；麻株对Cd的吸收和积累表现出：叶>籽粒>根>茎秆；麻株对Pb的吸收和积累表现出：根>籽粒>叶/茎秆；不同搭配作物明显影响了红麻茎秆、根对土壤重金属的吸收和积累,差异达5%显著水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Through the seed germination test and field experiments were conducted to hemp crops to the response of the seed sprouts heavy metal;studied the absorption and accumulate differences of different hemp crops to soil heavy metal in Different field environment and studied the absorption and accumulate of differences hemp crops to soil heavy metal in different planting mode.To adapt to the local soil environment screening some tolerance good red jute varieties,the further understanding of heavy metal poisonous effect to the influence of hemp crops growth;studied the absorption and accumulate differences of hemp plant to Zn, Cd to the organs, As, Pb heavy metal;the further to provide a theory basis for soil heavy metal pollution management.1. the seed germination test selected two parents and F1in three varieties, understand F1and parents to heavy metal toxicity reaction.The results showed that:different concentrations of Pb, Cd and their interaction with different concentration on germination rate of kenaf varieties have different influence degree.The concentration of300Pb+3.0Cd,992(Restoration), P3A/992(F1),P3A (CMS) have shown obvious not tolerance, germination rate was significantly reduced.When the concentration of Cd is1.5mg/L,2.5mg/L, from P3A (CMS), P3A/992(F1) and992(Restoration) three subjects showed obvious difference; P3A (CMS) in150mg/LPb concentration of1.00mg/LCd concentration, germination rate decreased obviously.The kenaf interspecific differences marked, P3A/992(F1) showed a very strong heterosis; germination rate close to the parents of992(Restoration), the two species to high affinity, and parents of P3A (CMS) have significant difference, show and incompatibility sex. 2. field experiments have tended to breed and monoculture/interplanting planting mode area.In the planting area, and selects7and5varieties of jute and kenaf varieties were screened and tolerance test.The results showed that:different organs of plants on Zn uptake and accumulation showed:grain> root> leaf/stem.With the continuous growth of the plant, the accumulation of Zn distribution, root, stem, leaf, grain is not obvious difference, its content in plant fluctuation, focusing on the following plant growth trends, has the very strong migration; vegetative organs of As absorption and accumulation showed:root> seeds> leaves> stems, and the accumulation of a quantity to rise ceaselessly; different organs of plants on Cd uptake and accumulation showed:root/leaf> seed> stem, and accumulation in different organs of plants to drop ceaselessly; on Pb uptake and accumulation showed:root> stem/leaf/grain, the accumulation of Pb content of roots in rising, and the content of most, that is the main organ of root of Pb accumulation in soils;heavy metal toxicity screening under the tolerance better kenaf varieties are09-1,09-3,09-5and jute09-2,09-3,09-5.3.In monoculture/intercropping area,by adding lime to adjust soil acidity,design the different planting modes,including single and intercropping area.The results showed that: from the squaring stage to harvest, monoculture/intercropping kenaf stalk, root uptake and accumulation of heavy metals in general, As,Zn,Pb content is constantly increasing trend, and the absorption and accumulation of Cd content is to present the trend that drops ceaselessly; hemp plant on Zn uptake and accumulation showed:grain> root/leaf/stem; hemp plant on As uptake and accumulation showed:grain> root> leaf> stem; hemp plant on Cd uptake and accumulation showed:leaf> seed> root> stem; hemp plant on Pb uptake and accumulation showed:root> seed> leaf/stem; different collocation has an obvious effect on kenaf stalk crop, root on soil heavy metal uptake and accumulation, significant difference at5%level.更多还原