【作者】 任冬梅；

【导师】 祁玉龙；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 埃德加·爱伦·坡,美国著名诗人、短篇小说家、文学评论家；恐怖小说大师,侦探小说之父。他一生命途多舛,两岁时失去双亲,与养父的关系颇为紧张,三十八岁时失去挚爱的妻子,后来嗜酒成性,心情抑郁寡欢,精神失常,于1849年卒于巴尔的摩。坡不仅在美国文学史上,而且在世界文学史上都是一位特立独行的作家,他写的小说开创了美国短篇小说的新形式。他的大部分小说情节多变,多用来渲染恐怖气氛,给人以强大的精神震撼。存在主义的目的是探索人类的生存状况,它认为人在世界上的经历是荒诞的和异化的,并且倡导自由选择和个人的责任。坡的短篇小说表现出浓厚的存在主义色彩,阐释人物的生存困境,实现自己真正的存在。迄今为止,对坡的短篇小说的研究方法很多,但是从存在主义角度的研究并不多,所以本文尝试用存在主义理论来解读坡的代表作《泄密的心》和《厄舍府的倒塌》,为坡的短篇小说的研究提供新的视角。论文共分为六部分：第一章简单介绍了坡的生平及其短篇小说,国内外对坡的作品的研究状况,以及本文研究的可行性。第二章介绍了存在主义的起源、发展、影响及其代表人物,并分析了坡的主要作品中的存在主义元素。第三章分析了世界的荒诞性,坡揭示世界是荒诞的,人类生活也是荒诞的,生活在一个荒诞的环境中,人们感到孤独、无助,荒诞的人物表现出荒诞的行为。存在本身显得毫无理由,毫无意义。第四章讨论了异化的人际关系。这一章由两部分组成,第一部分探讨了人与人之间的异化关系,包括年轻人与老人之间的异化,厄舍与玛德琳之间的异化,厄舍与无名叙述者之间的异化三个方面；第二部分分析了主人公们的自我异化,包括年轻人的异化,老人的异化和厄舍的异化。异化的人际关系使主人公们感到更加孤独和绝望,反过来,也增加了他们的世界的荒诞性。第五章主要围绕主人公们的自由选择展开。为了反抗人生世界的荒诞以及逃离异化的人际关系,主人公们做了很多自由的选择,但都失败了,死亡是他们最后的自由选择。第六章为总结章。总结了两部短篇小说中的存在主义因素,虽然人类生活在一个充满荒诞和异化的世界,通过对自己和他人负责的自由选择,人类可以实现真正的存在。更多还原

【Abstract】 Edgar Allan Poe was an American poet, short fiction writer and critic. He was also a master of the horror tale, and the patron saint of the detective story. His life was not well. He lost his parents when he was two years old and didn’t have a good relationship with his adoptive father. Later, he lost his beloved wife when he was38years old and got habitation of alcohol. He had always been in a depressive mood, so he had mental disorders. In1849, he died in Baltimore. He was a special writer not only in the history of American literature, but in the history of the world literature. His fiction created a new form of American short stories. Most of his short stories have changeful plot to render the horrible atmosphere and give a strong mental shock to readers.The purpose of Existentialism is to explore the human’s condition. Existentialism considers that the people’s experience in this world is absurd and alienated, and advocates freedom of choice and personal responsibility. Poe’s short stories showed strong existentialist color, explained the survival of the plight of the characters, their true existence. Up to the present, there are few papers or works which criticize Poe’s short stories from the perspective of existentialism. So the author of this thesis would like to analyze Poe’s short stories, namely the Tell-Tale Heart and the Fall of the House of Usher, from the perspective of existentialism, supplying anew angle to study Poe’s works.The thesis consists of six chapters.Chapter One briefly introduces Poe’s life and his short stories, the literature reviews of Poe’s works at home and abroad and the feasibility of this study.Chapter Two introduces the origin of existentialism, its representatives and the key concepts:absurdity, alienation and free choice as well as the existential implications in Poe’s two short stories.Chapter Three aims at analyzing the absurdity of Poe’s two short stories. People living in this absurd world feel alone and helpless. The absurd people do a lot of absurd things.Chapter Four concentrates on the alienated interpersonal relations. It falls into two sections. The first section explores the alienation between man and man:alienation between the young man and the old man; alienation between Roderick and Madeline; alienation between Roderick and the unnamed narrator. The second section explores self-alienation:the young man’s self-alienation; the old man’s self-alienation and Roderick’s self-alienation. The alienated interpersonal relations cause their loneliness and despair, which in return aggravate the absurdity of their world.Chapter Five focuses on characters’free choice. In order to fight against the absurdity of their world and struggle from their alienated interpersonal relations, they make a lot of choices to pursue their freedom. However, they end up with death. Death is their last choice.Chapter Six is the conclusion which summarizes the existential factors in the two short stories. Although human beings live in a world which is full of absurdity and alienation, we can achieve real existence by free choices and being responsible for ourselves and others.更多还原